AQA A LEVEL PHYSICS PAPER 2 ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% RATED CORRECT
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| GRADED A+ |2025 LATEST
VERSION | 100% VERIFIED
1. What is internal energy?: The sum of all kinetic and potential energies of all
particles in a system / gas
2. What is the formula for energy required to change the temperature of a
substance?: Q = mc”¸ where Q is energy required, m is mass, c is specific heat
capacity and ”¸ is change in temperature
3. What is specific latent heat?: The amount of energy required to change the state
of 1kg of a material without changing its temperature
4. What is specific latent heat of fusion?: The energy required to change a solid to
liquid
OR
The energy released when changing a liquid to solid
5. What is the specific heat of vaporisation?: The energy required to change a
liquid to a gas
OR
The energy released changing a gas to a liquid
6. What are empirical laws?: Laws derived from experimental evidence, not from
theory.
7. What is Boyle's law and its formula?: Given a constant temperature, pressure
and volume are inversely proportional. pV = k or (V = k/p)
8. What is Charles' law and its formula?: Given a constant pressure, volume is
directly proportional to temperature.
V/T = k
(or V = kT)
9. What is the pressure law and its formula?: Given a constant volume, pressure
is directly proportional to absolute temperature (Kelvin) p/T = k or p = kT
10. What is absolute temperature? How is it measured?: Temperature in Kelvin -
measured as temperature above absolute 0 (where internal energy of particles
= 0)
11. What is the combined gas law equation?: pV/T = k
12. What is the ideal gas equation?: pV = nRT
Where R is the ideal gas constant and n is the number of moles of a substance
(found by mass in grams ÷ atomic mass number)
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, 13. What is 1 mole of a substance? Why?: 6.02x10^23 atoms or molecules. It's the
number of molecules for which the mass of all the molecules is equal to the
mass number (grams)
14 What is molar mass?: The mass of one mole of a substance
15. What is the 2nd ideal gas equation?: pV = NRT/Na <- imagine the A is subscript
where N is number of atoms/molecules and Na is the avogadro constant
(6.02x10^23)
16. What is the 3rd ideal gas equation? (yeah another one - Boltzmann constant):
pV = NkT where k is the Boltzmann constant, R/Na (or molar gas constant ÷
avogadro constant)
17. What is the formula for work done to a gas?: Work done = p”V where p is
pressure and ”V is change in volume
18. What is Brownian motion?: The random motion of larger particles in a fluid
caused by collisions with surrounding particles.
19. What assumptions are made for Brownian motion?: - No intermolecular forces
act on molecules
- Duration of collisions in negligible
- Motion of particles is random
- Collisions are (perfectly) elastic
- Motion follows Newton's Laws - Molecules move in straight lines.
20. What is the kinetic theory model equation?: pV = (1/3)Nm(crms)^2
21. What is an ideal gas?: A (hypothetical) gas that obeys gas laws perfectly -
meaning the collisions are perfectly elastic and there are no intermolecular
forces 22. What is the internal energy of an ideal gas and why?: Potential
energy of a gas is associated with intermolecular forces so an ideal gas has 0
potential energy.
Therefore its internal energy = sum of all kinetic energies
23. What is the formula for kinetic energy of a gas molecule: 0.5m(crms)2 = 1.5kt
= 3RT/2NA
24. What is a field?: An area in which an object experiences a non-contact force
25. What is Newton's law of gravitation?: The gravitational force between two
objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses, and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
26. What is the formula for the force between two masses?: G = (Gm1m2)/r^2 27.
Describe the distances between uniform and radial fields and how are they
represented.: Uniform fields exert the same force on an object anywhere in the field.
They are represented by parallel and equally spaced field lines.
2/9
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| GRADED A+ |2025 LATEST
VERSION | 100% VERIFIED
1. What is internal energy?: The sum of all kinetic and potential energies of all
particles in a system / gas
2. What is the formula for energy required to change the temperature of a
substance?: Q = mc”¸ where Q is energy required, m is mass, c is specific heat
capacity and ”¸ is change in temperature
3. What is specific latent heat?: The amount of energy required to change the state
of 1kg of a material without changing its temperature
4. What is specific latent heat of fusion?: The energy required to change a solid to
liquid
OR
The energy released when changing a liquid to solid
5. What is the specific heat of vaporisation?: The energy required to change a
liquid to a gas
OR
The energy released changing a gas to a liquid
6. What are empirical laws?: Laws derived from experimental evidence, not from
theory.
7. What is Boyle's law and its formula?: Given a constant temperature, pressure
and volume are inversely proportional. pV = k or (V = k/p)
8. What is Charles' law and its formula?: Given a constant pressure, volume is
directly proportional to temperature.
V/T = k
(or V = kT)
9. What is the pressure law and its formula?: Given a constant volume, pressure
is directly proportional to absolute temperature (Kelvin) p/T = k or p = kT
10. What is absolute temperature? How is it measured?: Temperature in Kelvin -
measured as temperature above absolute 0 (where internal energy of particles
= 0)
11. What is the combined gas law equation?: pV/T = k
12. What is the ideal gas equation?: pV = nRT
Where R is the ideal gas constant and n is the number of moles of a substance
(found by mass in grams ÷ atomic mass number)
1/9
, 13. What is 1 mole of a substance? Why?: 6.02x10^23 atoms or molecules. It's the
number of molecules for which the mass of all the molecules is equal to the
mass number (grams)
14 What is molar mass?: The mass of one mole of a substance
15. What is the 2nd ideal gas equation?: pV = NRT/Na <- imagine the A is subscript
where N is number of atoms/molecules and Na is the avogadro constant
(6.02x10^23)
16. What is the 3rd ideal gas equation? (yeah another one - Boltzmann constant):
pV = NkT where k is the Boltzmann constant, R/Na (or molar gas constant ÷
avogadro constant)
17. What is the formula for work done to a gas?: Work done = p”V where p is
pressure and ”V is change in volume
18. What is Brownian motion?: The random motion of larger particles in a fluid
caused by collisions with surrounding particles.
19. What assumptions are made for Brownian motion?: - No intermolecular forces
act on molecules
- Duration of collisions in negligible
- Motion of particles is random
- Collisions are (perfectly) elastic
- Motion follows Newton's Laws - Molecules move in straight lines.
20. What is the kinetic theory model equation?: pV = (1/3)Nm(crms)^2
21. What is an ideal gas?: A (hypothetical) gas that obeys gas laws perfectly -
meaning the collisions are perfectly elastic and there are no intermolecular
forces 22. What is the internal energy of an ideal gas and why?: Potential
energy of a gas is associated with intermolecular forces so an ideal gas has 0
potential energy.
Therefore its internal energy = sum of all kinetic energies
23. What is the formula for kinetic energy of a gas molecule: 0.5m(crms)2 = 1.5kt
= 3RT/2NA
24. What is a field?: An area in which an object experiences a non-contact force
25. What is Newton's law of gravitation?: The gravitational force between two
objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses, and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.
26. What is the formula for the force between two masses?: G = (Gm1m2)/r^2 27.
Describe the distances between uniform and radial fields and how are they
represented.: Uniform fields exert the same force on an object anywhere in the field.
They are represented by parallel and equally spaced field lines.
2/9
