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Samenvatting Hematologie

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Samenvatting van het vak Hematologie, gegeven aan 1e master GNK KUL door Prof Dr. Vandenberghe. Integratie van slides, lesnotities en handboek met foto's.

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Hematologie
PROF DR VANDEN BERGHE

,Hematologie: diagnostiek ......................................................................................................... 8
Inleiding .............................................................................................................................. 8
Inhoud ................................................................................................................................ 8
Het hematopoëtische stelsel en zijn onderzoek .................................................................... 8
Bloed en hematopoëse ...................................................................................................... 8
Perfieer bloed ................................................................................................................. 8
Beenmerg: plaats van bloedvorming vanaf leeftijd 4-5 maand................................... 10
Hematopoïese .................................................................................................................. 10
Diagnostiek van hematologische aandoeningen ................................................................. 11
Anamnese en KO .............................................................................................................. 11
Te weinig cellen ............................................................................................................ 11
Te veel cellen ................................................................................................................ 11
Onderzoek van cellen ....................................................................................................... 11
Cellen in suspensie ....................................................................................................... 11
Onderzoek weefsels ..................................................................................................... 12
Beeldvormend onderzoek ................................................................................................ 12
CT .................................................................................................................................. 12
FDG-PET ........................................................................................................................ 13
Rode bloedcellen ..................................................................................................................... 13
Rode bloedcellen .................................................................................................................. 13
Rode- bloedcel parameters .............................................................................................. 13
Relatieve waarden ............................................................................................................ 13
Anemie of bloedarmoede .................................................................................................... 14
Algemene aspecten van anemie ...................................................................................... 14
Epidemiologie ............................................................................................................... 14
Anamnese ..................................................................................................................... 14
Klinisch onderzoek........................................................................................................ 15
Diagnostische aanpak ................................................................................................... 15
Erythropoese ................................................................................................................ 15
Anemie met gedaalde aanmaak....................................................................................... 16
Microcytaire anemie .................................................................................................... 16
Macrocytaire anemie ................................................................................................... 18
Normochrome/hypochrome normocytaire anemie .................................................... 20
Andere hypoproductieve anemieën ............................................................................ 22
Hemolytische anemie ....................................................................................................... 22



1

, Algemene aspecten ...................................................................................................... 22
Afbraak in NL omstandigheden .................................................................................... 22
Presentatievormen ....................................................................................................... 23
Diagnose ....................................................................................................................... 23
Indeling ......................................................................................................................... 24
Extrinsieke oorzaken: auto-immune hemolytische anemie .................................... 24
Extrinsieke oorzaken: Niet-immune hemolytische anemie ..................................... 26
Intrinsieke/corpusculaire hemolytische anemie: membraandefecten ................... 26
Intrinsieke/corpusculaire hemolytische anemie: cytoplasmatische afwijkingen .... 27
Polycythemie, polyglobulie, erytrocytose ............................................................................ 31
Behandeling polyglobulie ................................................................................................. 31
Afwijkingen bloedplaatjes ....................................................................................................... 31
Productie .............................................................................................................................. 31
Levenscyclus ......................................................................................................................... 32
Trombocytopenie ................................................................................................................. 32
Oorzaken .......................................................................................................................... 32
Klinisch beeld.................................................................................................................... 32
Diagnose ........................................................................................................................... 33
ITP: immune trombocytopenie ........................................................................................ 33
Primaire ITP .................................................................................................................. 33
Behandeling .................................................................................................................. 34
Gevaarlijke vormen: afbraak in bloedbaan ...................................................................... 34
TMA .............................................................................................................................. 34
aHUS zz, te maken met aangeboren onevenwicht complementcascade → pt mist een
inhibitor ........................................................................................................................ 35
Diagnostische aanpak trombocytopenie ..................................................................... 35
Trombocytose....................................................................................................................... 36
Witte bloedcellen, lymfeklieren en milt ................................................................................. 36
WBC types in perifeer bloed ................................................................................................ 36
Kenmerken ....................................................................................................................... 36
Telling en leukocytaire formule........................................................................................ 36
Myeloïde compartiment ...................................................................................................... 37
Granulocyten .................................................................................................................... 37
Levensloop en functie .................................................................................................. 37
Analyse in labo ............................................................................................................. 37
Abnormale vormen ...................................................................................................... 38


2

, Granulocytaire leukocytose ......................................................................................... 38
Tekort aan granulocytaire functie ................................................................................ 39
Monocyten ....................................................................................................................... 39
Levensloop en functie .................................................................................................. 39
Monocytose .................................................................................................................. 39
Monocytopenie ............................................................................................................ 40
Lymfoïde compartiment ....................................................................................................... 40
Levensloop lymfocyten .................................................................................................... 40
Laboratoriumanalyse lymfoïde pathologie ...................................................................... 40
Lymfocytose ..................................................................................................................... 40
Oorzaken ...................................................................................................................... 40
Klierkoorts .................................................................................................................... 40
Lymfopenie en immunodeficiëntie .................................................................................. 41
Lymfeklieren, vergroting en lymfadenopathie..................................................................... 41
Definitie ............................................................................................................................ 41
Kenmerken ....................................................................................................................... 41
Onderscheid banaal en ernstige ...................................................................................... 41
Milt ....................................................................................................................................... 42
Functies ............................................................................................................................ 42
Splenomegalie: klinisch beeld .......................................................................................... 42
Oorzaken splenomegalie .................................................................................................. 42
Asplenie of hyposplenisme .............................................................................................. 42
Beenmergfalen en pancytopenie ............................................................................................ 43
Definitie beenmergfalen ...................................................................................................... 43
Kliniek ................................................................................................................................... 43
Diagnostiek: genetica ........................................................................................................... 43
Karyotype of cytogenetisch onderzoek............................................................................ 44
FISH ................................................................................................................................... 44
Moleculaire analyse ......................................................................................................... 44
Next generation sequencing ........................................................................................ 44
Circulerend celvrij DNA ................................................................................................ 44
Welke test gebruiken ................................................................................................... 44
Oorzaken .............................................................................................................................. 45
Aangeboren aandoeningen met BM falen ....................................................................... 45
GATA2-deficiëntie ........................................................................................................ 46



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Samenvattingen Geneeskunde KUL

Hallo! Bij deze deel ik mijn samenvattingen gebaseerd op lesnotities en pokerpoints (en boek). Ik ben een zeer gepassioneerde student, aanwezig in elke les. Ik heb nog nooit herexamens gehad, en behaalde reeds de bachelor met onderscheiding. Verder doe ik ook vele extracurriculaire activiteiten, zoals het Honoursprogramma. Ik kan stellen dat ik een goede student ben, met zeer volledige en duidelijke samenvattingen. Ik wens jullie allemaal veel succes :))

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