,Chapter 1: Health Defined: Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection Dames, L
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uctkar-Flude and Tyerman: Edelman and Kudzma’s Canadian Health jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 1st Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE jl
1. How is disease defined? jl jl jl
a. The failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli and stresses a
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dequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances jl jl jl jl jl jl
b. Disease and illness are components of a struggle for balance in the bodily systems
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c. The failure of a person’s bodily systems in responding to stresses, resulting in a hormonal im
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balance
d. The assault by stimuli and stress on the body’s core defence systems
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ANS: A jl
Disease may be defined as the failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli an
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d stresses adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances. This definition is an ecol
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ogical concept of disease, which uses multiple factors to determine the cause of disease, rather t
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
han describing a single cause. Disease and illness are not synonymous.
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DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health OBJ: 1 TOP: Assessment
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl j l jl jl
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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2. How can health be defined? jl jl jl jl
a. As the absence of disease and illness jl jl jl jl jl jl
b. As the person’s philosophy for living in harmony with their environment
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c. A state of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being
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d. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s po
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tential and is experienced within a developmental context.
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ANS: D jl
Definitions of health have evolved as the nature of health and illness becomes better understood.
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Health is much more than the absence of disease and illness. It is a state of physical, mental, spir
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itual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experienced within a develop
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mental context. jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health and Wellness OBJ: 1 TOP: Assessment MSC:
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl j l jl jl jl jl
Health Promotion and Maintenance jl jl jl
3. The 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion document provides a blueprint for health prom
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otion in Canada. Which of the following statements is correct concerning this model? a. The foc
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
us is on environment and the ability to achieve health on a personal and societal level.
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b. It depicts health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over an
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d improve their health. jl jl jl
c. It provides a view of health promotion that is focused on people taking control of th
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
eir own health. jl jl
d. It is most closely aligned with a clinical model of health.
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, ANS: B jl
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion provides a blueprint for health promotion in Canada.
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Within this model, health promotion is depicted as the process of enabling people to increase cont
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
rol over and improve their health.
jl jl jl jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP: Assessment M
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl j l jl jl jl
SC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
jl jl jl jl
4. Which of the following is a tool used to measure quality of life?
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
a. CDCQOL-BREF (from the Centers for Disease Control) jl jl jl jl jl jl
b. McGowan Quality of Life Questionnaire jl jl jl jl
c. WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization) jl jl jl
d. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion jl jl jl jl
ANS: C jl
Multiple tools are available for measuring quality of life, including a general measure establishe
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
d by the World Health Organization Quality of Life, WHOQOL-
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
BREF and the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire for use at the end of life. The Ottawa Charter
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
for Health Promotion provides a framework for health promotion, rather than measuring qualit
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
y of life.
jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: Health Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP: Asse
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl j l jl jl
ssment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
jl jl jl jl jl
5. Which of the following best describes a care recipient who has an illness?
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes jl jl jl jl
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia jl jl
c. Someone with a headache jl jl jl
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina jl jl jl jl jl jl
ANS: C jl
Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjec
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
tive experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described a
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
s a response characterized by a mismatch between a person’s needs and the resources available t
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
o meet those needs. Aperson can have a disease without feeling ill. The other choices represent di
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
sease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health OBJ: 4 TOP: Asse
jl jl jl jl j l jl jl jl jl jl j l jl jl
ssment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
jl jl jl jl jl
6. Which Canadian report is considered to be a landmark document in creating a global ap
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
proach to health? jl jl
a. Population Health Promotion Model jl jl jl
b. Healthy People 2020 jl jl
c. Framework for Health Promotion in Canada jl jl jl jl jl
d. World Health Organization Quality of Life jl jl jl jl jl
ANS: C jl
By the mid-1980s, Canada became a world leader in the formulation of health-
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promotion ideals and strategies, particularly with the unveiling of the Framework for Health Pr
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
omotion in Canada at the first World Health Organization (WHO) conference on health promoti
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
on in Ottawa. The overall goal of ―achieving health for all‖ in this report identifies three health
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
, challenges: reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing coping. The three he
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
alth-promotion mechanisms to address these challenges are self- jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
care, mutual aid, and healthy environments. The final component of the framework consist
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
s of three implementation strategies: fostering public participation, strengthening communit
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
y health services; and coordinating health public policy.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
Healthy People 2020 is a US- jl jl jl jl jl
based document to guide planning for health care. The WHO Quality of Life tool is a quality of lif
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
e measurement tool used by health care workers. The
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
Population Health Promotion Model was developed to provide an overall framework to guide health
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
promotion by blending both health promotion and population health concepts.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
jl jl jl jl
REF: The Evolution of Health Promotion in Canada OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning MS
j l jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
C: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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7. Which of the following is one of the three programs that the Public Health Agency of Canada (P
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
HAC) is focused on for improving the health of Canadians?
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a. Decreased tobacco use in youth throughout the country jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
b. Health promotion and disease prevention jl jl jl jl
c. Increased public funding for health insurance jl jl jl jl jl
d. Decreased hospital re-admission rates jl jl jl
ANS: B jl
The aim of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is to promote and protect the health of C
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
anadians through leadership, partnership, innovation, and action in public health. Among the age
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
ncy’s recent plans are three programs: public health infrastructure; health promotion and diseas
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
e prevention; and health security. Choices A, C, and D are possible strategies to achieve the goal
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
s of this program.
jl jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
jl jl jl jl
REF: The Role of the Public Health Agency of Canada in Health Promotion, Prevention, and Pr
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
otection OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning j l jl
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
jl jl jl jl
8. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles jl jl jl jl
b. Blood pressure screening jl jl
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization jl jl
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization jl jl
ANS: A jl
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific pr
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
otection and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this d
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
efinition. Blood pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
jl jl jl jl
REF: Levels of Prevention OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning jl jl jl jl j l jl
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance jl jl jl jl
9. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
a. Education about breast self-examination jl jl jl
b. Yearly mammograms jl
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer jl jl jl jl
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
uctkar-Flude and Tyerman: Edelman and Kudzma’s Canadian Health jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 1st Edition
jl jl jl jl jl jl
MULTIPLE CHOICE jl
1. How is disease defined? jl jl jl
a. The failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli and stresses a
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
dequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances jl jl jl jl jl jl
b. Disease and illness are components of a struggle for balance in the bodily systems
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
c. The failure of a person’s bodily systems in responding to stresses, resulting in a hormonal im
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
balance
d. The assault by stimuli and stress on the body’s core defence systems
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
ANS: A jl
Disease may be defined as the failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli an
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
d stresses adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances. This definition is an ecol
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
ogical concept of disease, which uses multiple factors to determine the cause of disease, rather t
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
han describing a single cause. Disease and illness are not synonymous.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health OBJ: 1 TOP: Assessment
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl j l jl jl
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
jl jl jl jl jl
2. How can health be defined? jl jl jl jl
a. As the absence of disease and illness jl jl jl jl jl jl
b. As the person’s philosophy for living in harmony with their environment
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
c. A state of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
d. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s po
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
tential and is experienced within a developmental context.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
ANS: D jl
Definitions of health have evolved as the nature of health and illness becomes better understood.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
Health is much more than the absence of disease and illness. It is a state of physical, mental, spir
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
itual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is experienced within a develop
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
mental context. jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health and Wellness OBJ: 1 TOP: Assessment MSC:
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl j l jl jl jl jl
Health Promotion and Maintenance jl jl jl
3. The 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion document provides a blueprint for health prom
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
otion in Canada. Which of the following statements is correct concerning this model? a. The foc
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
us is on environment and the ability to achieve health on a personal and societal level.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
b. It depicts health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over an
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
d improve their health. jl jl jl
c. It provides a view of health promotion that is focused on people taking control of th
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
eir own health. jl jl
d. It is most closely aligned with a clinical model of health.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
, ANS: B jl
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion provides a blueprint for health promotion in Canada.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
Within this model, health promotion is depicted as the process of enabling people to increase cont
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
rol over and improve their health.
jl jl jl jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP: Assessment M
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl j l jl jl jl
SC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
jl jl jl jl
4. Which of the following is a tool used to measure quality of life?
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
a. CDCQOL-BREF (from the Centers for Disease Control) jl jl jl jl jl jl
b. McGowan Quality of Life Questionnaire jl jl jl jl
c. WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization) jl jl jl
d. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion jl jl jl jl
ANS: C jl
Multiple tools are available for measuring quality of life, including a general measure establishe
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
d by the World Health Organization Quality of Life, WHOQOL-
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
BREF and the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire for use at the end of life. The Ottawa Charter
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
for Health Promotion provides a framework for health promotion, rather than measuring qualit
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
y of life.
jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: Health Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP: Asse
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl j l jl jl
ssment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
jl jl jl jl jl
5. Which of the following best describes a care recipient who has an illness?
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes jl jl jl jl
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia jl jl
c. Someone with a headache jl jl jl
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina jl jl jl jl jl jl
ANS: C jl
Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the subjec
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
tive experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be described a
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
s a response characterized by a mismatch between a person’s needs and the resources available t
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
o meet those needs. Aperson can have a disease without feeling ill. The other choices represent di
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
sease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health OBJ: 4 TOP: Asse
jl jl jl jl j l jl jl jl jl jl j l jl jl
ssment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
jl jl jl jl jl
6. Which Canadian report is considered to be a landmark document in creating a global ap
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
proach to health? jl jl
a. Population Health Promotion Model jl jl jl
b. Healthy People 2020 jl jl
c. Framework for Health Promotion in Canada jl jl jl jl jl
d. World Health Organization Quality of Life jl jl jl jl jl
ANS: C jl
By the mid-1980s, Canada became a world leader in the formulation of health-
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
promotion ideals and strategies, particularly with the unveiling of the Framework for Health Pr
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
omotion in Canada at the first World Health Organization (WHO) conference on health promoti
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
on in Ottawa. The overall goal of ―achieving health for all‖ in this report identifies three health
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
, challenges: reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing coping. The three he
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
alth-promotion mechanisms to address these challenges are self- jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
care, mutual aid, and healthy environments. The final component of the framework consist
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
s of three implementation strategies: fostering public participation, strengthening communit
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
y health services; and coordinating health public policy.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
Healthy People 2020 is a US- jl jl jl jl jl
based document to guide planning for health care. The WHO Quality of Life tool is a quality of lif
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
e measurement tool used by health care workers. The
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
Population Health Promotion Model was developed to provide an overall framework to guide health
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
promotion by blending both health promotion and population health concepts.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
jl jl jl jl
REF: The Evolution of Health Promotion in Canada OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning MS
j l jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
C: Health Promotion and Maintenance
jl jl jl jl
7. Which of the following is one of the three programs that the Public Health Agency of Canada (P
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
HAC) is focused on for improving the health of Canadians?
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
a. Decreased tobacco use in youth throughout the country jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
b. Health promotion and disease prevention jl jl jl jl
c. Increased public funding for health insurance jl jl jl jl jl
d. Decreased hospital re-admission rates jl jl jl
ANS: B jl
The aim of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is to promote and protect the health of C
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
anadians through leadership, partnership, innovation, and action in public health. Among the age
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
ncy’s recent plans are three programs: public health infrastructure; health promotion and diseas
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
e prevention; and health security. Choices A, C, and D are possible strategies to achieve the goal
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
s of this program.
jl jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
jl jl jl jl
REF: The Role of the Public Health Agency of Canada in Health Promotion, Prevention, and Pr
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
otection OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning j l jl
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
jl jl jl jl
8. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles jl jl jl jl
b. Blood pressure screening jl jl
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization jl jl
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization jl jl
ANS: A jl
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific pr
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
otection and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this d
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
efinition. Blood pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
jl jl jl jl
REF: Levels of Prevention OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning jl jl jl jl j l jl
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance jl jl jl jl
9. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl
a. Education about breast self-examination jl jl jl
b. Yearly mammograms jl
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer jl jl jl jl
