NR 222 Health and Wellness Midterm Exam 2025

Nursing process (ADPIE) - -assessment diagnosis planning implementation evaluation A-assessment - --Collect data about patient's physical, psychological, social, cultural, developmental, and spiritual needs from patient, family, diagnostic tests, medical record, nursing history, and literature D-diagnosis - --Identify appropriate nursing diagnoses based on assessment findings P-planning - --Develop an individualized care plan. Set diagnosis priorities based on patient's immediate needs, expected outcomes, and patient-centered goals. Collaborate with patient on care plan I-implementation - --Perform nursing care therapies. Include patient as active participant in care. Involve family/significant other in care as appropriate E-evaluation - --Identify success in meeting desired outcomes and goals of nursing care. Alter interventions as indicated when goals are not met Evidence based practice - --when nurses or other clinicians use research findings and the best evidence possible to make decisions -is defined as the conscientious ,explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual -means integrating individual clinical expertise from systemic research Health education components (3) - -1. involves the use of teaching-learning strategies ers maintain voluntary control over the decision to make changes in their actions es on behavior changes that have been found to improve health status Level of prevention (3) - -Primary secondary tertiary Primary prevention - --precedes disease/dysfunction *interventions --health promotion(ex:health edu about risk factors for heart disease) Nursing Nursing --health protection( ex:immunizations, reducing exposure to carcinogens,occupational hazards) Purpose-to decrease vulnerability of the individual/pop to disease/dysfunction focus-maintain/improve general/individual/family/community health Passive-not personally involved (public health efforts-clean water/sewer) Active-personally involved-lifestyle changes Secondary prevention - --ranges from providing screening activities and treating early stages of disease to limiting disability by averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease Goal- identify individuals in early,detectable stages of disease -treating early stages of disease -limiting disability -interventions similar to primary but applied to individuals / populations with disease Tertiary prevention - --occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible -involves minimizing the effects of disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance activities aimed at preventing complications and deterioration -focuses on rehabilitation to help people attain and retain an optimal level of functioning regardless of their disabling condition Objective- is to return the affected individual to a useful place in society , maximize remaing capacities or both Transtheoretical model of change (TTM) - --is useful for determining where a person is in relation to making a behavior chanage;readiness for change -is useful in determining the persons readiness for learning in relation to changing behavior so that health education or behavior change interventions can be matched to the stage -self efficacy is a key construct in this model 6 stages 6 stages of TTM - - 1.Pre contemplation 2.Contemplation 3.Planning/prep 4.Action 5.Maintenance 6.Relapse Pre contemplation - --the person is NOT thinking about or considering quiting or adapting a behavior change within the next 6 months (not intending to make changes) Contemplation - --the person is seriously considering making a specific behavior change within the next 6 months (considering change) Planning/prep - --the person who has made a behavior change is seriously thinking about making a change within the next month (making small or sporadic changes) Action - --the person has made a behavior change and it has persisted for a period of 6 months (actively engaged in behavior change) Maintenance - --the period beginning 6 months after action has started and continuing indefinitely (sustaining the change over time) Relapse - --going back to old habits Models of health (4) - - 1. clinical model 2. role performance model 3. adaptive model monistic model Clinical model - --health is defined by the absence and illness by conspicious presence of signs and symptoms of disease -people may not seek preventative health services or they may wait until they are very ill to seek care -absence of disease ,prevention not emphasized role performance model - --defines health in terms of individuals ability to perform social roles -role performance includes work,family , social roles with performance based on societal expectations -model is basis for occupational health evaluations, school physicals, physician excused absences adaptive model - --peoples ability to adjust (+) to social, mental and physiological change in the measure of their health -illness occurs if person fails to adapt eudaimonistic model - --exuberant well being indicates optimal health -emphasizes the interactions b/w physical, social, psychological and spiritual aspects of life and the environment that contribute to goal attainment and create meaning -illness reflected by lack of involvement in life Definition of Health - --more than an absence of disease