Good luck
Section 1: Elimination (Questions 1-50)
1. Which organ is the primary regulator of fluid and electrolyte balance? A. Liver B. Lungs
C. Kidneys D. Intestines Correct Answer: C
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney? A. Glomerulus B. Nephron C. Loop of Henle D.
Collecting duct Correct Answer: B
3. A patient's urinalysis shows the presence of nitrates. This finding is most suggestive of:
A. Dehydration B. Kidney stones C. Bacterial infection (UTI) D. Glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: C
4. Which hormone directly influences water reabsorption in the distal tubules and
collecting ducts? A. Aldosterone B. Renin C. Angiotensin II D. Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) Correct Answer: D
5. A patient complains of involuntary loss of urine when coughing or sneezing. This type of
incontinence is known as: A. Urge incontinence B. Stress incontinence C. Overflow
incontinence D. Functional incontinence Correct Answer: B
6. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) commonly causes which type of urinary elimination
problem? A. Urinary retention B. Polyuria C. Stress incontinence D. Urinary tract
infection Correct Answer: A
7. Which factor is a common cause of constipation in older adults? A. Increased fluid intake
B. High-fiber diet C. Decreased physical activity D. Frequent use of laxatives Correct
Answer: C
8. The nurse is caring for a patient with diarrhea. Which electrolyte imbalance is the
patient most at risk for? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hypokalemia C. Hypernatremia D.
Hypocalcemia Correct Answer: B
9. Which diagnostic test provides the most direct visualization of the lower gastrointestinal
tract? A. Abdominal X-ray B. Barium enema C. Colonoscopy D. Stool culture Correct
Answer: C
10. What is the term for the surgical creation of an artificial opening from the ileum to the
outside of the abdomen? A. Colostomy B. Ileostomy C. Urostomy D. Gastrostomy
Correct Answer: B
11. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 25
mL/min. This indicates which stage of CKD? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4
Correct Answer: D (Note: GFR 15-29 mL/min is Stage 4)
, 12. Which dietary modification is typically recommended for patients with CKD to help
manage fluid balance? A. Increased protein intake B. Sodium restriction C. Increased
potassium intake D. Unrestricted fluid intake Correct Answer: B
13. A patient presents with sudden onset flank pain radiating to the groin, hematuria, and
nausea. These symptoms are most characteristic of: A. Pyelonephritis B. Renal calculi
(kidney stones) C. Acute glomerulonephritis D. Bladder cancer Correct Answer: B
14. What is the primary purpose of peritoneal dialysis? A. To administer intravenous fluids
B. To remove excess fluid and waste products from the blood C. To directly visualize the
peritoneal cavity D. To provide nutrition directly into the bloodstream Correct Answer: B
15. The nurse is teaching a female patient about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Which instruction is most important? A. Wipe from back to front after voiding. B. Take
frequent bubble baths. C. Void immediately after sexual intercourse. D. Limit fluid intake
to concentrate urine. Correct Answer: C
16. Which medication class is commonly used to treat urge incontinence by relaxing the
bladder muscle? A. Diuretics B. Alpha-blockers C. Anticholinergics D. Antibiotics Correct
Answer: C
17. Bristol Stool Form Scale Type 1 indicates: A. Normal, soft stools B. Severe constipation
(separate hard lumps) C. Severe diarrhea (entirely liquid) D. Mild constipation (lumpy
sausage shape) Correct Answer: B
18. Which factor contributes most significantly to the risk of developing Clostridioides
difficile (C. diff) infection? A. High-fiber diet B. Recent antibiotic use C. Sedentary
lifestyle D. History of kidney stones Correct Answer: B
19. A patient with a new colostomy is concerned about odor. What dietary advice should
the nurse provide? A. Increase intake of broccoli and cabbage. B. Consume foods like
yogurt and parsley. C. Drink carbonated beverages frequently. D. Eat large meals less
often. Correct Answer: B
20. Which nursing intervention is essential when caring for a patient with an indwelling
urinary catheter? A. Empty the drainage bag every 24 hours. B. Keep the drainage bag
above the level of the bladder. C. Perform routine catheter irrigation. D. Maintain a
closed drainage system. Correct Answer: D
21. Oliguria is defined as a urine output less than: A. 100 mL/24 hr B. 400 mL/24 hr C. 1000
mL/24 hr D. 1500 mL/24 hr Correct Answer: B (Often defined as < 0.5 mL/kg/hr or < 400-
500 mL/day)
22. Which assessment finding indicates a potential complication of BPH? A. Decreased PSA
level B. Post-void residual (PVR) volume of 200 mL C. Painless hematuria D. Increased
force of urinary stream Correct Answer: B (High PVR indicates incomplete emptying)
Section 1: Elimination (Questions 1-50)
1. Which organ is the primary regulator of fluid and electrolyte balance? A. Liver B. Lungs
C. Kidneys D. Intestines Correct Answer: C
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney? A. Glomerulus B. Nephron C. Loop of Henle D.
Collecting duct Correct Answer: B
3. A patient's urinalysis shows the presence of nitrates. This finding is most suggestive of:
A. Dehydration B. Kidney stones C. Bacterial infection (UTI) D. Glomerulonephritis
Correct Answer: C
4. Which hormone directly influences water reabsorption in the distal tubules and
collecting ducts? A. Aldosterone B. Renin C. Angiotensin II D. Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) Correct Answer: D
5. A patient complains of involuntary loss of urine when coughing or sneezing. This type of
incontinence is known as: A. Urge incontinence B. Stress incontinence C. Overflow
incontinence D. Functional incontinence Correct Answer: B
6. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) commonly causes which type of urinary elimination
problem? A. Urinary retention B. Polyuria C. Stress incontinence D. Urinary tract
infection Correct Answer: A
7. Which factor is a common cause of constipation in older adults? A. Increased fluid intake
B. High-fiber diet C. Decreased physical activity D. Frequent use of laxatives Correct
Answer: C
8. The nurse is caring for a patient with diarrhea. Which electrolyte imbalance is the
patient most at risk for? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hypokalemia C. Hypernatremia D.
Hypocalcemia Correct Answer: B
9. Which diagnostic test provides the most direct visualization of the lower gastrointestinal
tract? A. Abdominal X-ray B. Barium enema C. Colonoscopy D. Stool culture Correct
Answer: C
10. What is the term for the surgical creation of an artificial opening from the ileum to the
outside of the abdomen? A. Colostomy B. Ileostomy C. Urostomy D. Gastrostomy
Correct Answer: B
11. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 25
mL/min. This indicates which stage of CKD? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4
Correct Answer: D (Note: GFR 15-29 mL/min is Stage 4)
, 12. Which dietary modification is typically recommended for patients with CKD to help
manage fluid balance? A. Increased protein intake B. Sodium restriction C. Increased
potassium intake D. Unrestricted fluid intake Correct Answer: B
13. A patient presents with sudden onset flank pain radiating to the groin, hematuria, and
nausea. These symptoms are most characteristic of: A. Pyelonephritis B. Renal calculi
(kidney stones) C. Acute glomerulonephritis D. Bladder cancer Correct Answer: B
14. What is the primary purpose of peritoneal dialysis? A. To administer intravenous fluids
B. To remove excess fluid and waste products from the blood C. To directly visualize the
peritoneal cavity D. To provide nutrition directly into the bloodstream Correct Answer: B
15. The nurse is teaching a female patient about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Which instruction is most important? A. Wipe from back to front after voiding. B. Take
frequent bubble baths. C. Void immediately after sexual intercourse. D. Limit fluid intake
to concentrate urine. Correct Answer: C
16. Which medication class is commonly used to treat urge incontinence by relaxing the
bladder muscle? A. Diuretics B. Alpha-blockers C. Anticholinergics D. Antibiotics Correct
Answer: C
17. Bristol Stool Form Scale Type 1 indicates: A. Normal, soft stools B. Severe constipation
(separate hard lumps) C. Severe diarrhea (entirely liquid) D. Mild constipation (lumpy
sausage shape) Correct Answer: B
18. Which factor contributes most significantly to the risk of developing Clostridioides
difficile (C. diff) infection? A. High-fiber diet B. Recent antibiotic use C. Sedentary
lifestyle D. History of kidney stones Correct Answer: B
19. A patient with a new colostomy is concerned about odor. What dietary advice should
the nurse provide? A. Increase intake of broccoli and cabbage. B. Consume foods like
yogurt and parsley. C. Drink carbonated beverages frequently. D. Eat large meals less
often. Correct Answer: B
20. Which nursing intervention is essential when caring for a patient with an indwelling
urinary catheter? A. Empty the drainage bag every 24 hours. B. Keep the drainage bag
above the level of the bladder. C. Perform routine catheter irrigation. D. Maintain a
closed drainage system. Correct Answer: D
21. Oliguria is defined as a urine output less than: A. 100 mL/24 hr B. 400 mL/24 hr C. 1000
mL/24 hr D. 1500 mL/24 hr Correct Answer: B (Often defined as < 0.5 mL/kg/hr or < 400-
500 mL/day)
22. Which assessment finding indicates a potential complication of BPH? A. Decreased PSA
level B. Post-void residual (PVR) volume of 200 mL C. Painless hematuria D. Increased
force of urinary stream Correct Answer: B (High PVR indicates incomplete emptying)
