BMSC 208 - MODULE 1: RESPIRATORY 1
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Cardiac notch - ANSWER Space in the left lung for the heart, makes the left lung
slightly smaller than the right
Four primary functions of the respiratory system - ANSWER 1. Exchange of gases
2. Regulation of body pH
3. Protection from inhaled pathogens
4. Vocalization
there's lots of overlapping with the respiratory system with___ - ANSWER
cardiovascular system
same area within the medulla that controls the respiratory system
they are very intimately linked
ensure that all the cells within our body receive adequate amount of oxygen and that
carbon dioxide is actually removed
why do we need a specialized respiratory system - ANSWER because we're multi
cellular organism that have trillions of cells within our body that aren't directly exposed
to the external environment
so we need some sort of mechanism for bringing gases into the body and distributing
them throughout the body
unlike unicellular organisms
how does the respiratory system maintain homeostatic regulation of body pH -
ANSWER by retaining or expelling carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide is considered a precursor acid
if it builds up in high levels, it'll be converted to an acid
what is meant by the term bulk flow? - ANSWER meaning we just take in the air and
whatever is in the air
mixture of gases, water molecules as well as pathogens and irritating substances that
might be in the air
movement of a large number of substances altogether all at once
,by what means does the respiratory system provide protection from inhaled pathogens
and irritating substances - ANSWER the movement of air into our body is by bulk flow
we need a few protective mechanisms that exist within the respiratory system that
makes sure just gas getting in and these irritating substances or these pathogens are
removed and not actually introduced right into our bloodstream
how is vocalization a primary function of the respiratory system - ANSWER ability to talk
requires the movement of air across your vocal cords
we selectively control respiration to move across our vocal cords and create sounds-
contained in the larynx
air exchange occurs by bulk flow and follows many of the principles that govern flow
through the CV system (4):
(both have a lot of the same principles that govern functioning of the system itself) -
ANSWER (1)flow occurs from regions of high pressure to low pressure (we have
respiratory muscles that create pressure gradients that drive air into our lungs or out)
(2)muscular pump creates the pressure gradients (we have muscular pumps that
creates the pressure gradients needed for air flow- same with CV)
(3)resistance is primarily influenced by diameter of tubes through which air is flowing
(follows the same law- Poiseuille's log)
how does viscosity differences in the CV and respiratory system vary - ANSWER blood
is relatively a constant value
however, with air, if you visit a sauna air is more viscous
what are the two definitions of respiration - ANSWER cellular and external
what is cellular respiration - ANSWER refers to the intracellular reaction of oxygen with
organic molecules to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP
what is external respiration - ANSWER the movement of gases between the
environment and the body's cells
external respiration can be subdivided into four integrated processes
the movement of gases between the environment and the cells within the body
it requires the coordination between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
Four steps of external respiration - ANSWER 1. Exchange between the atmosphere and
the lungs (mechanics of breathing)
, 2. Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the blood
3. Transport of O2 and CO2 by the blood
4. Transport of blood to the cells
how do the two lungs differentiate? - ANSWER spongy tissue that's filled with air,
majority of the lungs are alveoli
left lung is slightly larger than left (due to cardiac notch)
surrounded by double-walled pleural sac
one layer is connected to the outside surface of the lungs (visceral pleura)
the other to the inside surface of the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura)
alveoli are made of - ANSWER single layer of epithelial cells
allow easy diffusion of gases from the blood into the center of the alveoli
the left lung has ___ lobes
the right lung has ___ lobes - ANSWER 2 (superior and inferior)
3 (superior, inferior, middle)
what makes the left lung smaller - ANSWER cardiac notch
remember within your thoracic cavity you have your lungs and heart sandwhiched in
there
heart apex that extends to the left side
each lung is surrounded by what - ANSWER pleural sac
double walled sack that has fluid in between the two walls
Visceral pleural - ANSWER Side of pleural sac that is connected to the outside surface
of the lungs
outer wall of the lungs
Parietal pleural - ANSWER Side of pleural sac that is connected to the inside surface of
the thoracic cavity as well as the diaphragm at the bottom
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Cardiac notch - ANSWER Space in the left lung for the heart, makes the left lung
slightly smaller than the right
Four primary functions of the respiratory system - ANSWER 1. Exchange of gases
2. Regulation of body pH
3. Protection from inhaled pathogens
4. Vocalization
there's lots of overlapping with the respiratory system with___ - ANSWER
cardiovascular system
same area within the medulla that controls the respiratory system
they are very intimately linked
ensure that all the cells within our body receive adequate amount of oxygen and that
carbon dioxide is actually removed
why do we need a specialized respiratory system - ANSWER because we're multi
cellular organism that have trillions of cells within our body that aren't directly exposed
to the external environment
so we need some sort of mechanism for bringing gases into the body and distributing
them throughout the body
unlike unicellular organisms
how does the respiratory system maintain homeostatic regulation of body pH -
ANSWER by retaining or expelling carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide is considered a precursor acid
if it builds up in high levels, it'll be converted to an acid
what is meant by the term bulk flow? - ANSWER meaning we just take in the air and
whatever is in the air
mixture of gases, water molecules as well as pathogens and irritating substances that
might be in the air
movement of a large number of substances altogether all at once
,by what means does the respiratory system provide protection from inhaled pathogens
and irritating substances - ANSWER the movement of air into our body is by bulk flow
we need a few protective mechanisms that exist within the respiratory system that
makes sure just gas getting in and these irritating substances or these pathogens are
removed and not actually introduced right into our bloodstream
how is vocalization a primary function of the respiratory system - ANSWER ability to talk
requires the movement of air across your vocal cords
we selectively control respiration to move across our vocal cords and create sounds-
contained in the larynx
air exchange occurs by bulk flow and follows many of the principles that govern flow
through the CV system (4):
(both have a lot of the same principles that govern functioning of the system itself) -
ANSWER (1)flow occurs from regions of high pressure to low pressure (we have
respiratory muscles that create pressure gradients that drive air into our lungs or out)
(2)muscular pump creates the pressure gradients (we have muscular pumps that
creates the pressure gradients needed for air flow- same with CV)
(3)resistance is primarily influenced by diameter of tubes through which air is flowing
(follows the same law- Poiseuille's log)
how does viscosity differences in the CV and respiratory system vary - ANSWER blood
is relatively a constant value
however, with air, if you visit a sauna air is more viscous
what are the two definitions of respiration - ANSWER cellular and external
what is cellular respiration - ANSWER refers to the intracellular reaction of oxygen with
organic molecules to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP
what is external respiration - ANSWER the movement of gases between the
environment and the body's cells
external respiration can be subdivided into four integrated processes
the movement of gases between the environment and the cells within the body
it requires the coordination between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
Four steps of external respiration - ANSWER 1. Exchange between the atmosphere and
the lungs (mechanics of breathing)
, 2. Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the blood
3. Transport of O2 and CO2 by the blood
4. Transport of blood to the cells
how do the two lungs differentiate? - ANSWER spongy tissue that's filled with air,
majority of the lungs are alveoli
left lung is slightly larger than left (due to cardiac notch)
surrounded by double-walled pleural sac
one layer is connected to the outside surface of the lungs (visceral pleura)
the other to the inside surface of the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura)
alveoli are made of - ANSWER single layer of epithelial cells
allow easy diffusion of gases from the blood into the center of the alveoli
the left lung has ___ lobes
the right lung has ___ lobes - ANSWER 2 (superior and inferior)
3 (superior, inferior, middle)
what makes the left lung smaller - ANSWER cardiac notch
remember within your thoracic cavity you have your lungs and heart sandwhiched in
there
heart apex that extends to the left side
each lung is surrounded by what - ANSWER pleural sac
double walled sack that has fluid in between the two walls
Visceral pleural - ANSWER Side of pleural sac that is connected to the outside surface
of the lungs
outer wall of the lungs
Parietal pleural - ANSWER Side of pleural sac that is connected to the inside surface of
the thoracic cavity as well as the diaphragm at the bottom
