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BMS 308 Final exam (431 questions) with verified answers

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BMS 308 Final exam (431 questions) with verified answers

Institution
BMS 308
Course
BMS 308











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Institution
BMS 308
Course
BMS 308

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Uploaded on
April 17, 2025
Number of pages
54
Written in
2024/2025
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Exam (elaborations)
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BMS 308 Final exam (431
questions) with verified
answers

3 components of the respiratory system - correct answer ✔ventilation
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




gas exchange ||||||




O2 utilization and CO2 production in cells
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




ventilation - correct answer ✔moving air into and out of lungs |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




gash exchange - correct answer ✔lungs to blood
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




blood to cells |||||| ||||||




external respiration - correct answer ✔exchange of O2 and CO2 between atmosphere and
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




body tissues ||||||




internal respiration - correct answer ✔use of O2 in mitochondria to generate ATP and
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




production of CO2 |||||| ||||||




structures of the ventilator system - correct answer ✔conduction zone (conducts air)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, smaller bronchi,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




bronchioles, terminal bronchioles |||||| ||||||




respiratory zone (gas exchange) |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| -respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs |||||| |||||| ||||||

,structures of the thoracic cavity - correct answer ✔lungs
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




chest wall||||||




intrapleural space ||||||




parietal pleural - correct answer ✔covers inside of chest wall
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




visceral pleural - correct answer ✔covers outside of lung
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




muscles involved in inspiration - correct answer ✔external intercostal muscles and
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




diaphragm


muscles involved in expiration - correct answer ✔internal intercostal
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




4 pulmonary pressures - correct answer ✔atmospheric
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




intra-alveolar
intrapleural
transpulmonary


atmospheric pressure - correct answer ✔outside air; 760 mmHg at sea level
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




intra-alveolar pressure - correct answer ✔with in alveoli; varies ventilation
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




intrapleural pressure - correct answer ✔with in pleural space; -4 mmHg at rest
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




transpulmonary pressure - correct answer ✔difference between intrapleural and intra- |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




alveolar (Palv - Pip) pressure difference across lung wall
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,role intrapleural pressure - correct answer ✔the pressure within the pleural cavity is slightly
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




less than the atmospheric pressure
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




pneumothorax - correct answer ✔occurs when pleural cavity is damaged |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Boyle's Law - correct answer ✔volume decreases, pressure increases (in a closed space)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




muscles involved in the process of ventilation - correct answer ✔diaphragm flattens
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




(decreases volume of the thoracic cavity) |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




external intercostals expand the chest |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




elasticity - correct answer ✔depends on 2 factors |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| -elastin fibers in alveolar wall |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| -alveolar surface tension |||||| ||||||




how does surface tension effect the lung? - correct answer ✔when water lines the inside of
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




alveolus surface tension tends to collapse the sphere |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




more surfactant, lower the collapsing pressure
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




P = 2T/r |||||| ||||||




static lung volumes & capacities - correct answer ✔volume--cannot be broken down into
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




component parts ||||||




capacities--sum of 2+ volumes |||||| |||||| ||||||




dynamic lung volumes and capacities - correct answer ✔measure of rate of air flow
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




(FEV 1 / FVC) x 100 |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| -above 80; no obstruction |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| -below 80: obstruction |||||| ||||||

, FEV 1 - correct answer ✔quantity of air that can be forcefully expired in one second from
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




beginning of TLC |||||| ||||||




FVC - correct answer ✔quantity of air that can be forcefully expired beginning from TLC
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




tidal volume (Vt) - correct answer ✔volume of air moved into or out of lungs during quiet
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




breathing ||||||




500ml


inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) - correct answer ✔maximal volume of air that can be
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




inhaled from end-inspiratory level |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




3000ml


expiratory reserve volume (ERV) - correct answer ✔maximal volume of air that can be
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




exhaled from the end-expiratory position |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




1000ml


residual volume (RV) - correct answer ✔volume of air remaining in lungs after maximal
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




expiration
1200ml


inspiratory capacity (IC) - correct answer ✔IRV + Vt = 3500ml |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




vital capacity (VC) - correct answer ✔volume of air breathed out after the deepest
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




inhalation ||||||




Vt + IRV + ERV = 4500ml
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||
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