Immunology Exam 1 with 100% Correct
Solutions
What are the 4 main categories of pathogens? - ANS-Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and
parasites
Where can pathogens be found? - ANS-outside or inside the target cell (extracellular vs.
intracellular pathogens)
What is an antigen? - ANS-a molecule recognized by the immune system
Who was the founding father of bacteriology? - ANS-Robert Koch
1880 - infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms, each one responsible for a
particular disease.
1905 - awarded the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine
What are the 4 types of defense to protect the body from pathogens? - ANS-1.
Anatomic Barriers: skin, oral mucosa, respiratory epithelium, and the intestines
2. Complement/antimicrobial proteins: C3, defense's, reglly
3. Innate immune cells: macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer cells
4. Adaptive Immunity: B cells/antibodies, T cells
Who is Louis Pasteur? - ANS-- 1870's
- generated "artificially" weakened forms of rabies and anthrax
- also encouraged doctors to sanitize their hands and equipment before surgery
What it the order of the sites where human hematopoiesis occurs during development?
- ANS-yolk sac -> fetal liver & spleen -> bone marrow
In the anatomical/physical barriers, which are most vulnerable to pathogens? - ANS-
mucosal membranes are more vulnerable, whereas skin, nails, and hair are stronger
barriers to infection
What are the functions of the immune response? - ANS-1. Immunological recognition:
Infection must be detected (soluble proteins, cell-surface receptors)
2. Immune effector functions: contain & eliminate the infection, effector cells
3. Immune regulation: ability to self-regulate, allergy & autoimmune diseases
4. Immunological Memory: protect against recurring disease, immediate & stronger
response to subsequent infections
Solutions
What are the 4 main categories of pathogens? - ANS-Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and
parasites
Where can pathogens be found? - ANS-outside or inside the target cell (extracellular vs.
intracellular pathogens)
What is an antigen? - ANS-a molecule recognized by the immune system
Who was the founding father of bacteriology? - ANS-Robert Koch
1880 - infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms, each one responsible for a
particular disease.
1905 - awarded the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine
What are the 4 types of defense to protect the body from pathogens? - ANS-1.
Anatomic Barriers: skin, oral mucosa, respiratory epithelium, and the intestines
2. Complement/antimicrobial proteins: C3, defense's, reglly
3. Innate immune cells: macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer cells
4. Adaptive Immunity: B cells/antibodies, T cells
Who is Louis Pasteur? - ANS-- 1870's
- generated "artificially" weakened forms of rabies and anthrax
- also encouraged doctors to sanitize their hands and equipment before surgery
What it the order of the sites where human hematopoiesis occurs during development?
- ANS-yolk sac -> fetal liver & spleen -> bone marrow
In the anatomical/physical barriers, which are most vulnerable to pathogens? - ANS-
mucosal membranes are more vulnerable, whereas skin, nails, and hair are stronger
barriers to infection
What are the functions of the immune response? - ANS-1. Immunological recognition:
Infection must be detected (soluble proteins, cell-surface receptors)
2. Immune effector functions: contain & eliminate the infection, effector cells
3. Immune regulation: ability to self-regulate, allergy & autoimmune diseases
4. Immunological Memory: protect against recurring disease, immediate & stronger
response to subsequent infections
