SOLUTION MANUAL The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition by Roger E. Meiners, Verified Chapters 1 - 22, Complete

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SOLUTION MANUAL bh




The LegalEnvironmentofBusiness,14thEdition
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by Roger E.Meiners, VerifiedChapters1- 22,Complete
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TheLegalEnvironmentofBusiness,14thEdition
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
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 Chapter 1. Today’s Business Environment: Law and Ethics
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 Chapter 2. The Court Systems
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 Chapter 3. Trials and Resolving Disputes
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 Chapter 4. The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business
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 Chapter 5. Criminal Law and Business
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 Chapter 6. Elements of Torts
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 Chapter 7. Business Torts and Product Liability
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 Chapter 8. Real and Personal Property
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 Chapter 9. Intellectual Property
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 Chapter 10. Contracts
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 Chapter 11. Domestic and International Sales
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 Chapter 12. Business Organizations
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 Chapter 13. Negotiable Instruments, Credit, and Bankruptcy
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 Chapter 14. Agency and the Employment Relationship
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 Chapter 15. Employment and Labor Regulations
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 Chapter 16. Employment Discrimination
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 Chapter 17. The Regulatory Process
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 Chapter 18. Securities Regulation
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 Chapter 19. Consumer Protection
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TheLegalEnvironmentofBusiness,14thEdition bh h
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 Chapter 20. Antitrust Law b h b h b h




 Chapter 21. Environmental Law b h b h b h




 Chapter 22. The International Legal Environment of Business b h b h b h b h b h b h b h




CHAPTER 1 b h




Table of Contents b h b h




Answer to Discussion Question ........................................................................................................................ 1
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Answers to Case Questions ................................................................................................................................ 1
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Answers to Ethics and Social Questions .................................................................................................. 3
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Answer to Discussion Question b h b h b h




Shouldytheycommon lawymaximy“Ignoranceyofythe lawyisynoyexcuse”yapplyyto anyimmigranty who
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speakslittleyEnglish andywas not educatedyinytheyUnitedyStates?yHow about for aytourist who
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bdoes not speak English?yEveryone knows criminalyacts areyprohibited, but what about
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subtleryrulesythatydiffer acrossycountries andyso mayybeymisunderstoodybyyforeigners?
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Answer: It is generally true that ignorance of the law is no excuse. Citizens
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are deemed to have constructive knowledge ofy the law. Yet, as well known
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as this rule is, it is
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surprising how often it is proffered as an excuse. (A Westlaw search cases b h b h b h b h b h b h b h b h b h b h b h b h




finds hundreds of examples). Examples include: Delucoy v. Deziy (Conn. Super) (lack ofy
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knowledge regarding the state‘s usury laws is no excuse for the inclusion of
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an illegal interest rate in a sales contract); and Plumleey v. Paddock (ignorance
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of thefact that the subject matter ofy the contract was illegal was not excuse).
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The courts have provided a small exception to the rule when it comes
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to people in lack ofy English language skills. Consider Flaneryy v.
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Kuska, (defendant did not speak English was advised by a friend that b h b h b h b h b h b h b h b h b h b h b h




an answer to a complaint was not required); Ramony v. Dept. ofyTransportation,
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(no English and an inability to understand the law required for an excuse);
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Yurechko v. CountyyofyAllegheny, (Ignorance and with the fact that the
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municipality suffered no hardship in late lawsuit filing was an excuse).
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Answers to Case Questions b h b h b h




1. Factsy from any Englishy judge’sy decision iny 1884:y “They crewyofy an English yacht
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away in
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a stormyonythe highy seas............ andywereycompelledytoyputyintoy anyopeny boat.
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TheLegalEnvironmentofBusiness,14thEdition bh h
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noy supply bh




ofy water andy no supplyy ofy food. . . . That on they eighteenthy dayy . . . they suggestedy
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thaty one
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shouldybeysacrificedyto saveytheyrest. . . . Thatynextydayy. . . theyy. . . went toytheyboy b
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..................................................................................................................................................................................put a knife b h b h b h b h




intoy his throaty andy killedy himy . . . they threey meny fedy upony the body ofytheyboy for
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four days; [then]
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theyboaty wasy pickedyup byy a passingy vessel, andy [they]y werey rescued. ............... andy committedy
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for trial. . . . b h b h b h b h




ify they meny hady noty fedy upony they bodyy ofy they boyy theyy wouldy probablyy not havey
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survivedy toy bey soypickedy upy andy rescued, buty would havey diedy ofy famine. They boy,
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being in a muchyweaker
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condition, wasy likelyy toy havey diedy beforey them Theyrealyquestion inythisycasey[is]y b h bh bh bh bh bh bh bh bh b h bh bh bh




whether killing
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underytheyconditionsysetyforth.beyorybeynotymurder.”yDoyyouyconsiderytheyacts to bey immoral?
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[Regina v. Dudley and Stephens, 14yQueens BenchyDivisiony273y(1884)] b h b h b h b h b h b
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Answer: This points out that the legal system has limits. Its acceptability is
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dictated by legal culture--whichdetermines whether law will be enforced, obeyed,
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avoided, or abused. It is limited by the informal rules of the society--its
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bcustoms and values. One limit is the extent to which society will allow
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bthe formal rules to be imposed when a crime is committed in odd
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circumstances. Here there was an intentional murder. Does the motive for the
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bmurder, the effort to save several lives by sacrificing one
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life, make it a crime that should b h b h b h b h b h b h b h be punished? Not all crimes are treated b h b h b h b h b h b h b h the
b same. It also raisesquestions about
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h b h b h the desirability of not giving judges b h b h b h b h b h




b flexibility in sentencing.
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There a precedent for a light sentence in this case in U.S. law: U.S. v.
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b Holmes, 20 F. Cas. 360 (No. 15383) (C.C.E.D. Pa. 1842). The case involved
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b a sinking ocean liner. Several passengers madeit to the only lifeboat, which
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b was far too overcrowded. The captain decided to save the women and
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b children and threw several men overboard. The lifeboat was rescued. The
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b grand jury refused to indict the captain from murder, only for
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bh manslaughter. He got a six month sentence. b h b h b h b h b h b h




The British judge in the case here imposed the death penalty upon the person
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bwho survived. The judge found it difficult to rule that every man on board had the
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bright to make law by his own hand.The Crown reduced the sentence to
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b six months. h b h




2. Smokingyis ayserious health hazard. Cigarettes areylegal. Shouldycigaretteymanufacturers b
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beyliableyfor theyserious illnesses andyuntimelyydeaths causedybyytheir unavoidablyy
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dangerous products, evenythough theyypostyaywarningyonytheypackage andyconsumersy
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voluntarily assumeytheyhealth risks byysmoking?y[Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.,
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b505yU.S. 504y (1992)]
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Answer: The general rule that exists now is that since the government has
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bordered the posting of warninglabels on cigarettes, and since the dangers of
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smoking are well known, consumers have been warned and are not due
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bcompensation ify they kill themselves by smoking. The Cippoliney case, since
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reviewed by the Supreme Court, appears to be of limited impact since the
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bvictim was adjudged to have become addicted to cigarettes before the
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bwarning label was ordered in 1964. If cigarette makers were held
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bresponsible for all health problems associated with cigarettes, then, like alcohol
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band other dangerous products, the damages would likely be so high it
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bwould effectively ban the products.
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