Summary PSRM I
Sophie Gersjes
s4750101
2019-2020
, Inhoudsopgave
College 1 Introduction 3
Three objections to qualitative/case study research 3
Quantitative vs qualitative research 3
Meta-theoretical 4
Theoretical 5
Methodological 7
The rise of populism and euroscepticism in Europe 8
Articles 9
Doing a literature review (Knopf) 9
The Populist Zeitgeist (Mudde, 2004) 10
College 2 Concepts 11
Key terms 11
Four ways to conceptualize 14
Conclusion 16
Articles 16
Concepts and concept formation (Mair) 16
Conceptual stretching Revisited: Adapting Categories in Comparative Analysis (D.
Collier & J. Mahon) 16
Some conceptual issues and problems in the comparison of anti-immigrant parties in
Western Europe (M. Fennema) 16
Constructing a conceptual framework (Mudde) 17
College 3 What is a case study 18
Recap 18
Case institutional leadership 1.1 18
What a case study is and isn't 1.1 18
Case institutional leadership 1.2 20
What a case study is and isn't 1.2 21
Trade offs CS vs CCC 21
Conclusion 22
Articles 22
The legitimacy of political institutions D. Doyle (2011) 22
Radical Right-wing Populism in Denmark & Sweden (Rydgen, 2010) 23
College 4: Case selection 24
Recap 24
Case Institutional leadership 1.0 24
Case selection general principles 25
1
, Types of cases 26
Descriptive cases 26
Causal cases 26
Exploratory cases 26
Estimating cases 27
Diagnostic cases 28
Types of cases image 29
Case institutional leadership 1.1 30
Conclusion 30
Articles 30
From conceptualization to classification (Mudde, 2007) 30
Europe for the Europeans (Mudde, 2007) 32
College 5: Content analysis and coding 34
What is content analysis: text as evidence 34
The basics 36
Extended example 37
Conclusion: the promises and pitfalls of content analysis 38
Articles 38
Populism as political communication style (J.Jagers & Walgrave, 2007) 38
Measuring populism (M.Rooduijn & T. Pauwels, 2011) 40
College 6: Process tracing & causal mechanisms 42
Recap 42
What is causality and how do we measure it? 42
Philosophical background 43
Basic principles 44
Types of mechanisms 44
Types of process tracing 45
Conclusion 47
Articles 47
Do ‘wrong winner’ elections trigger electoral reform? Lessons from New Zealand A.
Renwick (2009) 47
College 7: Process tracing II: design and approach 49
Recap 49
Inferences in a process tracing analysis 49
Designing a process tracing analysis 51
Setting up an empirical test 51
Evaluating the evidence 52
Conclusion 53
Smaller Summary with key points 53
Lecture 1 - Introduction 53
2
, Lecture 2 - Concepts 55
Lecture 3 – What Is A Case Study? 56
Lecture 4 – Case Selection 57
Lecture 5: Content analysis and coding 58
Lecture 6: Process tracing and causal mechanisms 59
Lecture 7: Process tracing II: design and approach 60
College 1 Introduction
Three objections to qualitative/case study research
1. Storytelling/narrativism → too subjective: can’t test if your telling is significant, only a
few criteria available + scholars are telling your stuff instead of testing their
propositions
2. Cherry picking : pick a case which helps your claims rather than reflection alla
available data that could contradict. In a case study you can’t chose all data + the use
of data is arbitrary and unsystematic + purposely selecting data that fits the claims of
the researcher
3. N=1: you study few cases: cannot generalize. A small sample is unrepresentative
however it is important to look at what kind of case you are selecting. Outliers or
average cases. Where is this case in the population. The case is a means not an end
and you need to be aware of unwarranted generalizations and drawing small samples.
Quantitative vs qualitative research
Quantitative large c vs qualitative small c research
1. Same approach/ logic of inference as with quantitative (KKV)
2. Distinct approach/logic of inference as with quantitative (G&B)
Core questions
1. What makes a scientific research method?
2. What makes a qualitative scientific research method
3. Interpretivists?
4. They opt for an inductive approach: relation theory vs empirics
3
Sophie Gersjes
s4750101
2019-2020
, Inhoudsopgave
College 1 Introduction 3
Three objections to qualitative/case study research 3
Quantitative vs qualitative research 3
Meta-theoretical 4
Theoretical 5
Methodological 7
The rise of populism and euroscepticism in Europe 8
Articles 9
Doing a literature review (Knopf) 9
The Populist Zeitgeist (Mudde, 2004) 10
College 2 Concepts 11
Key terms 11
Four ways to conceptualize 14
Conclusion 16
Articles 16
Concepts and concept formation (Mair) 16
Conceptual stretching Revisited: Adapting Categories in Comparative Analysis (D.
Collier & J. Mahon) 16
Some conceptual issues and problems in the comparison of anti-immigrant parties in
Western Europe (M. Fennema) 16
Constructing a conceptual framework (Mudde) 17
College 3 What is a case study 18
Recap 18
Case institutional leadership 1.1 18
What a case study is and isn't 1.1 18
Case institutional leadership 1.2 20
What a case study is and isn't 1.2 21
Trade offs CS vs CCC 21
Conclusion 22
Articles 22
The legitimacy of political institutions D. Doyle (2011) 22
Radical Right-wing Populism in Denmark & Sweden (Rydgen, 2010) 23
College 4: Case selection 24
Recap 24
Case Institutional leadership 1.0 24
Case selection general principles 25
1
, Types of cases 26
Descriptive cases 26
Causal cases 26
Exploratory cases 26
Estimating cases 27
Diagnostic cases 28
Types of cases image 29
Case institutional leadership 1.1 30
Conclusion 30
Articles 30
From conceptualization to classification (Mudde, 2007) 30
Europe for the Europeans (Mudde, 2007) 32
College 5: Content analysis and coding 34
What is content analysis: text as evidence 34
The basics 36
Extended example 37
Conclusion: the promises and pitfalls of content analysis 38
Articles 38
Populism as political communication style (J.Jagers & Walgrave, 2007) 38
Measuring populism (M.Rooduijn & T. Pauwels, 2011) 40
College 6: Process tracing & causal mechanisms 42
Recap 42
What is causality and how do we measure it? 42
Philosophical background 43
Basic principles 44
Types of mechanisms 44
Types of process tracing 45
Conclusion 47
Articles 47
Do ‘wrong winner’ elections trigger electoral reform? Lessons from New Zealand A.
Renwick (2009) 47
College 7: Process tracing II: design and approach 49
Recap 49
Inferences in a process tracing analysis 49
Designing a process tracing analysis 51
Setting up an empirical test 51
Evaluating the evidence 52
Conclusion 53
Smaller Summary with key points 53
Lecture 1 - Introduction 53
2
, Lecture 2 - Concepts 55
Lecture 3 – What Is A Case Study? 56
Lecture 4 – Case Selection 57
Lecture 5: Content analysis and coding 58
Lecture 6: Process tracing and causal mechanisms 59
Lecture 7: Process tracing II: design and approach 60
College 1 Introduction
Three objections to qualitative/case study research
1. Storytelling/narrativism → too subjective: can’t test if your telling is significant, only a
few criteria available + scholars are telling your stuff instead of testing their
propositions
2. Cherry picking : pick a case which helps your claims rather than reflection alla
available data that could contradict. In a case study you can’t chose all data + the use
of data is arbitrary and unsystematic + purposely selecting data that fits the claims of
the researcher
3. N=1: you study few cases: cannot generalize. A small sample is unrepresentative
however it is important to look at what kind of case you are selecting. Outliers or
average cases. Where is this case in the population. The case is a means not an end
and you need to be aware of unwarranted generalizations and drawing small samples.
Quantitative vs qualitative research
Quantitative large c vs qualitative small c research
1. Same approach/ logic of inference as with quantitative (KKV)
2. Distinct approach/logic of inference as with quantitative (G&B)
Core questions
1. What makes a scientific research method?
2. What makes a qualitative scientific research method
3. Interpretivists?
4. They opt for an inductive approach: relation theory vs empirics
3
