Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
I. Psychology is the scientific study of:
A) mind and body.
B) mind and behaviour.
C) mood and behaviour.
D) mood and body.
2. Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behaviour. Behaviour refers to:
A) perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings.
B) explanations.
C) urges.
D) observable actions of humans and nonhuman animals.
3. Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:
A) arise from electrical and chemical activities of the brain.
B) arise from a nonphysical mind interacting with the pineal gland in the brain.
C) are not proper subject matter for science research.
D) usually are not adaptive in helping us function effectively in the world.
4. Today, most psychologists would agree with which statement concerning mental
processes?
A) The scientific method cannot be applied to mental processes.
B) Mental processes are nonphysical entities that control the brain and body.
C) Mental processes arise from brain functioning.
D) Mental processes are the only subject matter worthy of study in psychology.
5. Using _ _, Krings et al. (2000) demonstrated that the brains of professional piano
players were _ _ active than novice players when both groups made finger
movements like those involved in piano play.
A) fMRl; more
B) tMRl; less
C) CT scans; more
D) CT scans; less
6. The case of Elliot, as documented by Damasio ( 1994), suggests that:
A) cognitive functioning can be severely impaired while emotion remains unaffected.
B) emotions usually interfere with adaptive behaviour.
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,Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
C) even negative emotions such as anxiety and sorrow have adaptive functions. 12. The older position of nativism is reflected in psychological views that emphasize the
D) emotion and intelligence share a common neural substrate. effect of on behaviour.
A) nurture
B) intuition
7. William James (1890) believed that the influence of _ _ could help explain C) schemas
absentmindedness. D) nature
A) habit
B) sleep deprivation
C) emotions 13. Plato is to as Aristotle is to
D) personality A) philosophical structuralism; nativism
B) nativism; philosophical empiricism
C) nativism; dualism
8. Which is the primary reason why modern psychologists study lapses, errors, and D) dualism; nativism
mistakes in behaviour and cognition?
A) They are more intriguing than normal psychological functioning.
B) They allow us to learn about the normal operations of mental life and behaviour. 14. Nature is to nurture as nativism is to:
C) They provide a window into the sexual urges of the unconscious. A) experience.
D) They vividly illustrate the fact that most psychological funct ioning is not adaptive. B) adaptation.
C) behaviourism.
D) phrenology.
9. The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in physiology and in:
A) anatomy.
B) logic. 15. Some early philosophers believed that all knowledge was acquired through experience,
C) dualism. an idea now known as:
D) philosophy. A) functionalism.
B) philosophical empiricism.
C) structuralism.
IO. Some early philosophers believed that certain kinds of knowledge were innate or inborn, D) nativism.
a theory known as:
A) functionalism.
B) nativism. 16. The notion that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa is consistent with the views of:
C) philosophical empiricism. A) Plato.
D) structuralism. B) Descartes.
C) Aristotle.
D) Gall.
11. Which early philosopher was interested in certain kinds of knowledge as being innate or
inborn?
A) Hippocrates 17. The fact that very young children almost universally master the basics of language
B) Plato without formal training is most consistent. with:
C) Aristotle A) Plato's nativism.
D) Descartes B) Gall's phrenology.
C) Aristotle's philosophical empiricism.
D) Locke's tabula rasa.
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,Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
C) brain activity produces consciousness.
l8. The major limitation of the works of the classical Greek philosophers to an D) both genetic and environmental factors influence human behaviour.
understanding of human behaviour is that:
A) much of these works remains lost to history.
B) differences among translations have fueled misunderstanding and debate. 24. Phrenology suggested that specific mental abilities and characteristics were located in
C) the works tended to underestimate the role of nurture in shaping human behaviour. specific regions of the brain. It was developed by:
D) these philosophers did not develop ways to test their theories. A) Descartes.
B) Flourens.
C) Gall.
l9. _ _ believed that the mind and body are different from each other, and linked by the D) Broca.
pineal gland.
A) Gall.
B) Hobbes. 25. Dr. Quack touches specific bumps on a patient's skull and then indicates specific
C) Descartes. character traits for the patient, for example, "This patient is cautious." Dr. Quack is
D) Aristotle. engaging in:
A) structuralism.
B) phrenology.
20. Descartes believed that the mind influences the body through the: C) mesmensm.
A) pituitary gland. D) psychoanalysis.
B) hippocampus.
C) prefrontal cortex.
D) pineal gland. 26. After suffering a stroke, Lisa was able to understand what people said to her but was
unable to speak to them. The stroke probably damaged her:
A) pineal gland.
21. A spiritual leader believes that the soul and the body are fundamentally different from B) Broca's area.
each other, but are linked via a special structure in the brain. His beliefs are similar to C) hippocampus.
those of: D) temporal lobe.
A) Gall.
B) Descartes.
C) Hobbes. 27. The research ofFlourens and Broca:
D) Broca. A) established phrenology as a true science.
B) confirmed Descartes' belief that the mind and body were linked via the pineal
gland.
22. The modem view that the subjective experience of having a mind is the result of brain C) is consistent with the view of the mind held by Thomas Hobbes.
activity can be traced to which philosopher? D) demonstrated that mental processes can occur independently of brain activity.
A) Hobbes
B) Plato
C) Descartes 28. The study of biological processes, especially those of the human body, is called:
D) James A) psychology.
B) anatomy.
C) phrenology.
23. The problem of dualism refers to how: D) physiology.
A) different areas in the brain control different types of behaviour and cognition.
B) mental activity can be reconciled and coordinated with physical behaviour.
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, Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
29. Penny wanted to find out how long it would take her sister Cathy to remove her finger
from the flame of a lighted match. Penny is studying what type of process?
A) classical conditioning 35. Wundt believed that scientific psychology should focus on analyzing the basic elements
B) introspection comprising consciousness, an approach he called:
C) reaction time A) functionalism.
D) stimulus time B) psychoanalysis.
C) structuralism.
D) dualism.
30. Hermann von Helmholtz is most remembered for:
A) debunking phrenology.
B) opening the fost laboratory to conduct purely psychological experiments. 36. The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind is:
C) being the first to measure the speed of a nervous impulse. A) psychoanalysis.
D) discovering the relation between emotion and the amygdala. B) functionalism.
C) structuralism.
D) consciousness.
31. An acupuncturist asks you to respond as soon as you feel a pinprick as she stimulates
your upper thigh, hamstring, calf, and foot with a needle. Based on Helmholtz's
research, you will react most quickly when the _ _ is stimulated. 37. A person's subjective experience of the world and the mind is:
A) upper thigh A) empiricism.
B) hamstring B) dualism.
C) calf C) structuralism.
D) foot D) consciousness.
32. Hermann von Helmholtz is to as Wilhelm Wundt is to 38. What technique did psychologists who studied structuralism use?
A) phrenology; functionalism A) conditioning
B) reaction time; structuralism B) introspection
C) reaction time; functionalism C) psychoanalysis
D) phrenology; structuralism D) hypnosis
33. Historians generally credit the emergence of psychology as a science to: 39. Presented with a stimulus, student observers in Wundt's lab were asked to report on their
A) Wundt. "raw" sensory experience, a technique known as:
B) Helmholtz. A) inspection.
C) Watson. B) circumspection.
D) Titchener. C) retrospection.
D) introspection.
34. The first laboratory devoted exclusively to psychology as an independent field of study
opened in: 40. A participant seated in an otherwise dark room stares at the flickering of a lit candle and
A) Paris in 1859. reports on her subjective experiences, such as the visual experience of the candle
B) Leipzig in 1879. flickering and the hepatic sensation of warmth. The psychologist conducting this
C) Berlin in 1889. experiment is most likely to be and the method being used is _ _ .
D) Cornell University in 1909. A) Wundt; psychoanalysis
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I. Psychology is the scientific study of:
A) mind and body.
B) mind and behaviour.
C) mood and behaviour.
D) mood and body.
2. Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behaviour. Behaviour refers to:
A) perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings.
B) explanations.
C) urges.
D) observable actions of humans and nonhuman animals.
3. Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:
A) arise from electrical and chemical activities of the brain.
B) arise from a nonphysical mind interacting with the pineal gland in the brain.
C) are not proper subject matter for science research.
D) usually are not adaptive in helping us function effectively in the world.
4. Today, most psychologists would agree with which statement concerning mental
processes?
A) The scientific method cannot be applied to mental processes.
B) Mental processes are nonphysical entities that control the brain and body.
C) Mental processes arise from brain functioning.
D) Mental processes are the only subject matter worthy of study in psychology.
5. Using _ _, Krings et al. (2000) demonstrated that the brains of professional piano
players were _ _ active than novice players when both groups made finger
movements like those involved in piano play.
A) fMRl; more
B) tMRl; less
C) CT scans; more
D) CT scans; less
6. The case of Elliot, as documented by Damasio ( 1994), suggests that:
A) cognitive functioning can be severely impaired while emotion remains unaffected.
B) emotions usually interfere with adaptive behaviour.
Page I
,Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
C) even negative emotions such as anxiety and sorrow have adaptive functions. 12. The older position of nativism is reflected in psychological views that emphasize the
D) emotion and intelligence share a common neural substrate. effect of on behaviour.
A) nurture
B) intuition
7. William James (1890) believed that the influence of _ _ could help explain C) schemas
absentmindedness. D) nature
A) habit
B) sleep deprivation
C) emotions 13. Plato is to as Aristotle is to
D) personality A) philosophical structuralism; nativism
B) nativism; philosophical empiricism
C) nativism; dualism
8. Which is the primary reason why modern psychologists study lapses, errors, and D) dualism; nativism
mistakes in behaviour and cognition?
A) They are more intriguing than normal psychological functioning.
B) They allow us to learn about the normal operations of mental life and behaviour. 14. Nature is to nurture as nativism is to:
C) They provide a window into the sexual urges of the unconscious. A) experience.
D) They vividly illustrate the fact that most psychological funct ioning is not adaptive. B) adaptation.
C) behaviourism.
D) phrenology.
9. The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in physiology and in:
A) anatomy.
B) logic. 15. Some early philosophers believed that all knowledge was acquired through experience,
C) dualism. an idea now known as:
D) philosophy. A) functionalism.
B) philosophical empiricism.
C) structuralism.
IO. Some early philosophers believed that certain kinds of knowledge were innate or inborn, D) nativism.
a theory known as:
A) functionalism.
B) nativism. 16. The notion that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa is consistent with the views of:
C) philosophical empiricism. A) Plato.
D) structuralism. B) Descartes.
C) Aristotle.
D) Gall.
11. Which early philosopher was interested in certain kinds of knowledge as being innate or
inborn?
A) Hippocrates 17. The fact that very young children almost universally master the basics of language
B) Plato without formal training is most consistent. with:
C) Aristotle A) Plato's nativism.
D) Descartes B) Gall's phrenology.
C) Aristotle's philosophical empiricism.
D) Locke's tabula rasa.
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,Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
C) brain activity produces consciousness.
l8. The major limitation of the works of the classical Greek philosophers to an D) both genetic and environmental factors influence human behaviour.
understanding of human behaviour is that:
A) much of these works remains lost to history.
B) differences among translations have fueled misunderstanding and debate. 24. Phrenology suggested that specific mental abilities and characteristics were located in
C) the works tended to underestimate the role of nurture in shaping human behaviour. specific regions of the brain. It was developed by:
D) these philosophers did not develop ways to test their theories. A) Descartes.
B) Flourens.
C) Gall.
l9. _ _ believed that the mind and body are different from each other, and linked by the D) Broca.
pineal gland.
A) Gall.
B) Hobbes. 25. Dr. Quack touches specific bumps on a patient's skull and then indicates specific
C) Descartes. character traits for the patient, for example, "This patient is cautious." Dr. Quack is
D) Aristotle. engaging in:
A) structuralism.
B) phrenology.
20. Descartes believed that the mind influences the body through the: C) mesmensm.
A) pituitary gland. D) psychoanalysis.
B) hippocampus.
C) prefrontal cortex.
D) pineal gland. 26. After suffering a stroke, Lisa was able to understand what people said to her but was
unable to speak to them. The stroke probably damaged her:
A) pineal gland.
21. A spiritual leader believes that the soul and the body are fundamentally different from B) Broca's area.
each other, but are linked via a special structure in the brain. His beliefs are similar to C) hippocampus.
those of: D) temporal lobe.
A) Gall.
B) Descartes.
C) Hobbes. 27. The research ofFlourens and Broca:
D) Broca. A) established phrenology as a true science.
B) confirmed Descartes' belief that the mind and body were linked via the pineal
gland.
22. The modem view that the subjective experience of having a mind is the result of brain C) is consistent with the view of the mind held by Thomas Hobbes.
activity can be traced to which philosopher? D) demonstrated that mental processes can occur independently of brain activity.
A) Hobbes
B) Plato
C) Descartes 28. The study of biological processes, especially those of the human body, is called:
D) James A) psychology.
B) anatomy.
C) phrenology.
23. The problem of dualism refers to how: D) physiology.
A) different areas in the brain control different types of behaviour and cognition.
B) mental activity can be reconciled and coordinated with physical behaviour.
Page4 Page 5
, Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter
29. Penny wanted to find out how long it would take her sister Cathy to remove her finger
from the flame of a lighted match. Penny is studying what type of process?
A) classical conditioning 35. Wundt believed that scientific psychology should focus on analyzing the basic elements
B) introspection comprising consciousness, an approach he called:
C) reaction time A) functionalism.
D) stimulus time B) psychoanalysis.
C) structuralism.
D) dualism.
30. Hermann von Helmholtz is most remembered for:
A) debunking phrenology.
B) opening the fost laboratory to conduct purely psychological experiments. 36. The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind is:
C) being the first to measure the speed of a nervous impulse. A) psychoanalysis.
D) discovering the relation between emotion and the amygdala. B) functionalism.
C) structuralism.
D) consciousness.
31. An acupuncturist asks you to respond as soon as you feel a pinprick as she stimulates
your upper thigh, hamstring, calf, and foot with a needle. Based on Helmholtz's
research, you will react most quickly when the _ _ is stimulated. 37. A person's subjective experience of the world and the mind is:
A) upper thigh A) empiricism.
B) hamstring B) dualism.
C) calf C) structuralism.
D) foot D) consciousness.
32. Hermann von Helmholtz is to as Wilhelm Wundt is to 38. What technique did psychologists who studied structuralism use?
A) phrenology; functionalism A) conditioning
B) reaction time; structuralism B) introspection
C) reaction time; functionalism C) psychoanalysis
D) phrenology; structuralism D) hypnosis
33. Historians generally credit the emergence of psychology as a science to: 39. Presented with a stimulus, student observers in Wundt's lab were asked to report on their
A) Wundt. "raw" sensory experience, a technique known as:
B) Helmholtz. A) inspection.
C) Watson. B) circumspection.
D) Titchener. C) retrospection.
D) introspection.
34. The first laboratory devoted exclusively to psychology as an independent field of study
opened in: 40. A participant seated in an otherwise dark room stares at the flickering of a lit candle and
A) Paris in 1859. reports on her subjective experiences, such as the visual experience of the candle
B) Leipzig in 1879. flickering and the hepatic sensation of warmth. The psychologist conducting this
C) Berlin in 1889. experiment is most likely to be and the method being used is _ _ .
D) Cornell University in 1909. A) Wundt; psychoanalysis
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