Question:What is the identifiable victim effect, and how does it influence helping behavior?
Answer:The identifiable victim effect is the tendency to offer more help to a victim who is
identifiable rather than statistical. For example, donations increase when a victim is associated with
a name or photo because this personalizes their plight and captures more attention.
Question:How does the implicit association test (IAT) measure prejudice?
Answer:The IAT measures prejudice by requiring participants to categorize images or words paired
with concepts like "good" or "bad." Faster categorization of negative associations with a particular
group indicates implicit prejudice.
Question:What is the maturity principle, and how does it affect personality traits as people age?
Answer:The maturity principle states that aging leads to increased emotional stability,
conscientiousness, and agreeableness, while neuroticism and openness tend to decrease.
Question:How does minimal group separation contribute to prejudice?
Answer:Minimal group separation leads to the categorization of individuals into "us" and "them"
groups, even based on trivial differences, which can create intergroup bias and discrimination.
Question:What role does the amygdala play in aggression?
Answer:The amygdala is involved in processing fear and aggression. Dysfunctions or electrical
stimulation of the amygdala can lead to unprovoked aggression. Conversely, lesions in the amygdala
reduce aggression, making individuals more docile.
Question:Explain the difference between hedonia and eudaimonia according to Aristotle’s view of a
good life.
Answer:Hedonia refers to pleasure and positive emotions, like enjoying a good meal. Eudaimonia
focuses on meaning and purpose, such as living ethically or helping others. Aristotle believed a good
life combines both, though they can diverge in specific contexts.
Question:What is psychic numbing, and how does it affect responses to large-scale suffering?
Answer:Psychic numbing refers to the reduced emotional response to large-scale suffering
compared to individual tragedies. For instance, people often donate less as the number of victims
increases because empathy diminishes with scale.
Question:Describe the difference between warm-glow altruism and pure altruism.
Answer:Warm-glow altruism involves helping for the self-satisfaction of being a good person,
whereas pure altruism is driven by the desire to see others benefit without personal gain.
Answer:The identifiable victim effect is the tendency to offer more help to a victim who is
identifiable rather than statistical. For example, donations increase when a victim is associated with
a name or photo because this personalizes their plight and captures more attention.
Question:How does the implicit association test (IAT) measure prejudice?
Answer:The IAT measures prejudice by requiring participants to categorize images or words paired
with concepts like "good" or "bad." Faster categorization of negative associations with a particular
group indicates implicit prejudice.
Question:What is the maturity principle, and how does it affect personality traits as people age?
Answer:The maturity principle states that aging leads to increased emotional stability,
conscientiousness, and agreeableness, while neuroticism and openness tend to decrease.
Question:How does minimal group separation contribute to prejudice?
Answer:Minimal group separation leads to the categorization of individuals into "us" and "them"
groups, even based on trivial differences, which can create intergroup bias and discrimination.
Question:What role does the amygdala play in aggression?
Answer:The amygdala is involved in processing fear and aggression. Dysfunctions or electrical
stimulation of the amygdala can lead to unprovoked aggression. Conversely, lesions in the amygdala
reduce aggression, making individuals more docile.
Question:Explain the difference between hedonia and eudaimonia according to Aristotle’s view of a
good life.
Answer:Hedonia refers to pleasure and positive emotions, like enjoying a good meal. Eudaimonia
focuses on meaning and purpose, such as living ethically or helping others. Aristotle believed a good
life combines both, though they can diverge in specific contexts.
Question:What is psychic numbing, and how does it affect responses to large-scale suffering?
Answer:Psychic numbing refers to the reduced emotional response to large-scale suffering
compared to individual tragedies. For instance, people often donate less as the number of victims
increases because empathy diminishes with scale.
Question:Describe the difference between warm-glow altruism and pure altruism.
Answer:Warm-glow altruism involves helping for the self-satisfaction of being a good person,
whereas pure altruism is driven by the desire to see others benefit without personal gain.
