NURS 6100: Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
osteoblasts
bone forming cells
osteoclasts
large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
Describe the relationship between parathyroid hormone and
calcium.
Low concentration of calcium in blood leads to release of PTH.
This causes efflux of calcium from bones, decreased loss of
calcium in urine, and enhanced absorption of calcium from the
intestines.
These actions lead to increased concentration of calcium in
bloodstream.
,How are fractures classified by type?
communication with the external environment, the degree of
break in continuity of the bone, and the character of the fracture
pieces
What is an open fracture? What complications are associated
with open fractures?
Open fractures break skin.
They are complicated by infection, osteomyelitis, delayed union,
or non-union.
What is a closed fracture?
break that does not penetrate the skin
,When describing the degree of a fracture, to what are you
referring?
a partial or complete break in bone continuity
What is a complete break?
broken all the way through
What is an incomplete break?
a break that does not go across the entire bone
Define a comminuted fracture.
A fracture shattered into bony fragments (more than 2 pieces)
Describe a compression fracture.
, bone is crushed
occurs in the vertebral body
Describe an impacted fracture.
Portion of bone wedged into another portion/bone.
Describe an occult fracture.
Fracture that isn't visible by XR. Is visible by MRI or Bone-
Scan.
Describe a pathologic fracture.
Break as a result of pathologic weakening (e.g. common in
individuals with osteoporosis, tumors, or metastatic bone
disease)
Describe a stress fracture.
osteoblasts
bone forming cells
osteoclasts
large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
Describe the relationship between parathyroid hormone and
calcium.
Low concentration of calcium in blood leads to release of PTH.
This causes efflux of calcium from bones, decreased loss of
calcium in urine, and enhanced absorption of calcium from the
intestines.
These actions lead to increased concentration of calcium in
bloodstream.
,How are fractures classified by type?
communication with the external environment, the degree of
break in continuity of the bone, and the character of the fracture
pieces
What is an open fracture? What complications are associated
with open fractures?
Open fractures break skin.
They are complicated by infection, osteomyelitis, delayed union,
or non-union.
What is a closed fracture?
break that does not penetrate the skin
,When describing the degree of a fracture, to what are you
referring?
a partial or complete break in bone continuity
What is a complete break?
broken all the way through
What is an incomplete break?
a break that does not go across the entire bone
Define a comminuted fracture.
A fracture shattered into bony fragments (more than 2 pieces)
Describe a compression fracture.
, bone is crushed
occurs in the vertebral body
Describe an impacted fracture.
Portion of bone wedged into another portion/bone.
Describe an occult fracture.
Fracture that isn't visible by XR. Is visible by MRI or Bone-
Scan.
Describe a pathologic fracture.
Break as a result of pathologic weakening (e.g. common in
individuals with osteoporosis, tumors, or metastatic bone
disease)
Describe a stress fracture.
