Summary - Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes

Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
Alkanes:

- Single bond organic compound with a formula (CnH2n+2)

- These are the most basic organic structures and isomers used in plastic manufacturing and

car fuel.

- These compounds can be in one long chain or can have branching features called

substituents that increase the complexity.

- Alkyls are a type of substituent in Alkanes with a yl suffix. Formula - (CnH2n+1)

Nomenclature:

1. Find the longest chain of the compound called the parent chain. The number of carbons

in the longest chain will be the prefix of the parent chain's name. These prefixes are listed

as such according to the carbon numbers.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Meth Eth prop but pent hex hept oct non dec



2. The suffix of the parent chain's name depends on the amount of and type of bonds in the

structure. For alkanes the suffix is -ane.

3. Count each of the consecutive carbons in the continuous parent chain with a number so

that the carbon attached substituent group or branching chain can have the smallest

number possible. The name of the substituent will be the location of the carbon that it is

attached to and prefix of the number of carbon in the branching chain plus -yl as the

suffix. The final name of the compound will be the substituents name + the parent chain’s

name.