ATI Proctored Exam: Community Health (Public Health)
Community Health Nursing Theories
- Nigh ngale's Theory of Environment
- Health Belief Model
- Likelihood of Taking Ac on Factors - *Nigh ngale's Theory of Environment*: Focuses on impact of a
person's environment on their health. Focus in on preventa ve care (washing hands, clean
environment).
*Health Belief Model*: Assumes a persons primary mo va on in taking posi ve health ac ons is to
avoid ge ng a disease.
*Likelihood of taking ac on is based on*:
1. Modifying variables (age, gender, race, economy, educa on)
2. Perceived severity and suscep bility of ge ng the disease
3. Perceived benefits vs. barriers of taking ac on
4. Cues to ac on (i.e. advice of doctor, media campaign)
Community-Based Nursing versus Community-Oriented Nursing - The community or popula on is the
"client" in community health nursing.
*Community-Based Nursing*: Focused on ILLNESS care (acute or chronic condi ons) for individuals and
families.
- Examples: Home Health nurse doing wound care, School nurse administering epi-pen.
*Community-Oriented Nursing: Focused on improving the collec ve health of the community.
- Examples: Health educa on and promo on, disease preven on ac vi es. No illness care! Community-
oriented nursing = public health nursing.
Community Health Nursing versus Public Health Nursing - *Community Health Nursing*: Delivers health
care services to individuals, families, and groups. Includes community-based nursing (illness care for
, individuals and families) AND community-oriented nursing (community focused care, with an emphasis
on educa on and disease preven on).
*Public Health Nursing*: Disease preven on and health promo on of communi es and popula ons.
They re not providing direct care to individuals! Public health nursing = community-oriented nursing.
Four Ethical Principles in Community Health Nursing
- Respect for Autonomy
- Non-Maleficence
- Beneficence
- Distribu ve Jus ce - *Respect for Authority*: Respect a pa ent's right to self-determina on.
*Non-Maleficence*: Do no harm
*Beneficence*: Do what is best (i.e. maximize benefits)
*Distribu ve Jus ce*: Fair alloca on of resources in community.
Epidemiology and Components of Epidemiology Triangle - *Epidemiology*: Study of spread,
transmission, and incidence of disease/injury.
*Components of Epidemiology Triangle*
- *Agent*: What is causing the disease (i.e. bacteria, toxin, noise)
- *Host*: Human/animal being affected by the disease
- *Environment*: Physical environment (water/food supply, geography). Social environment (access to
health care, work condi ons, poverty).
Incidence vs. Prevalence - *Incidence*: Number of NEW case of disease/injury in a popula on during a
specified period of me.
Community Health Nursing Theories
- Nigh ngale's Theory of Environment
- Health Belief Model
- Likelihood of Taking Ac on Factors - *Nigh ngale's Theory of Environment*: Focuses on impact of a
person's environment on their health. Focus in on preventa ve care (washing hands, clean
environment).
*Health Belief Model*: Assumes a persons primary mo va on in taking posi ve health ac ons is to
avoid ge ng a disease.
*Likelihood of taking ac on is based on*:
1. Modifying variables (age, gender, race, economy, educa on)
2. Perceived severity and suscep bility of ge ng the disease
3. Perceived benefits vs. barriers of taking ac on
4. Cues to ac on (i.e. advice of doctor, media campaign)
Community-Based Nursing versus Community-Oriented Nursing - The community or popula on is the
"client" in community health nursing.
*Community-Based Nursing*: Focused on ILLNESS care (acute or chronic condi ons) for individuals and
families.
- Examples: Home Health nurse doing wound care, School nurse administering epi-pen.
*Community-Oriented Nursing: Focused on improving the collec ve health of the community.
- Examples: Health educa on and promo on, disease preven on ac vi es. No illness care! Community-
oriented nursing = public health nursing.
Community Health Nursing versus Public Health Nursing - *Community Health Nursing*: Delivers health
care services to individuals, families, and groups. Includes community-based nursing (illness care for
, individuals and families) AND community-oriented nursing (community focused care, with an emphasis
on educa on and disease preven on).
*Public Health Nursing*: Disease preven on and health promo on of communi es and popula ons.
They re not providing direct care to individuals! Public health nursing = community-oriented nursing.
Four Ethical Principles in Community Health Nursing
- Respect for Autonomy
- Non-Maleficence
- Beneficence
- Distribu ve Jus ce - *Respect for Authority*: Respect a pa ent's right to self-determina on.
*Non-Maleficence*: Do no harm
*Beneficence*: Do what is best (i.e. maximize benefits)
*Distribu ve Jus ce*: Fair alloca on of resources in community.
Epidemiology and Components of Epidemiology Triangle - *Epidemiology*: Study of spread,
transmission, and incidence of disease/injury.
*Components of Epidemiology Triangle*
- *Agent*: What is causing the disease (i.e. bacteria, toxin, noise)
- *Host*: Human/animal being affected by the disease
- *Environment*: Physical environment (water/food supply, geography). Social environment (access to
health care, work condi ons, poverty).
Incidence vs. Prevalence - *Incidence*: Number of NEW case of disease/injury in a popula on during a
specified period of me.
