ATLS Pretest, ATLS practice questions
A 22-year-old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder. His blood
pressure is initially 80/40 mm Hg. After initial fluid resuscitation his blood pressure increases to 122/84
mm Hg. His heart rate is now 100 beats per minute and his respiratory rate is 28 breaths per minute. A
tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left chest breath sounds with the return of a small
amount of blood and no air leak. After chest tube insertion, the most appropriate next step is: - Ans-re-
examine the chestA construction worker falls two stories from a building and sustains bilateral calcaneal
fractures. In the emergency department, he is alert, vital signs are normal, and he is complaining of
severe pain in both heels and his lower back. Lower extremity pulses are strong and there is no other
deformity. The suspected diagnosis is most likely to be confirmed by: - Ans-complete spine x-ray
seriesWhich of the following is true regarding the initial resuscitation of a trauma patient? - Ans-
Evidence of improved perfusion after fluid resuscitation could include improvement in Glasgow Coma
Scale score on reevaluation.In managing a patient with a severe traumatic brain injury, the most
important initial step is to: - Ans-secure the airwayA previously healthy, 70-kg (154-pound) man suffers
an estimated acute blood loss of 2 liters. Which one of the following statements applies to this patient? -
Ans-An ABG would demonstrate a base deficit between -6 and -10 mEq/L.The physiological hypervolemia
of pregnancy has clinical significance in the management of the severely injured, gravid woman by: -
Ans-increasing the volume of blood loss to produce maternal hypotensionThe best assessment of fluid
resuscitation of the adult burn patient is: - Ans-urinary output of 0.5 mL/kg/hrThe diagnosis of shock
must include: - Ans-evidence of inadequate organ perfusionA 7-year-old boy is brought to the
emergency department by his parents several minutes after he fell through a window. He is bleeding
profusely from a 6-cm wound of his medial right thigh. Immediate management of the wound should
consist of: - Ans-direct pressure on the woundFor the patient with severe traumatic brain injury,
profound hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent: - Ans-cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished
perfusionAfter being involved in a motor vehicle crash, a 25-year-old man is brought to a hospital that
has surgery capabilities available.. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen shows an aortic
injury and splenic laceration with free abdominal fluid. His blood pressure falls to 70 mm Hg after CT. The
next step is: - Ans-perform an exploratory laparotomyWhich one of the following statements regarding
abdominal trauma in the pregnant patient is TRUE? - Ans-Leakage of amniotic fluid is an indication for
hospital admission.The first maneuver to improve oxygenation after chest injury is: - Ans-administer
supplemental oxygenA 25-year-old man, injured in a motor vehicular crash, is admitted to the
emergency department. His pupils react sluggishly and his eyes open to pressure. He does not follow
commands, but he does moan periodically. His right arm is deformed and does not respond to pressure;
however, his left hand reaches purposefully toward the stimulus. Both legs are stiffly extended. His GCS
score is: - Ans-9A 20-year-old woman who is at 32 weeks gestation, is stabbed in the upper right chest. In
the emergency department, her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. She is gasping for breath, extremely
anxious, and yelling for help. Breath sounds are diminished in the right chest. The most appropriate first
step is to: - Ans-perform needle or finger decompression of the right chestWhich one of the following
findings in an adult is most likely to require immediate management during the primary survey? - Ans-
respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minuteThe most important, immediate step in the management of an
open pneumothorax is: - Ans-placement of an occlusive dressing over the woundThe following are
contraindications for tetanus toxoid administration: - Ans-history of neurological reaction or severe
,hypersensitivity to the productA 56-year-old man is thrown violently against the steering wheel of his
truck during a motor vehicle crash. On arrival in the emergency department he is diaphoretic and
complaining of chest pain. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his respiratory rate is 40 breaths per
minute. Which of the following best differentiates cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax as the
cause of his hypotension? - Ans-breath soundsBronchial intubation of the right or left mainstem
bronchus can easily occur during infant endotracheal intubation because: - Ans-The trachea is relatively
short.A 23-year-old man sustains 4 stab wounds to the upper right chest during an altercation and is
brought by ambulance to a hospital that has full surgical capabilities. His wounds are all above the
nipple. He is endotracheally intubated, closed tube thoracostomy is performed, fluid resuscitation is
initiated through 2 large-caliber IVs. FAST exam does not reveal intraabdominal injuries. His blood
pressure now is 60/0 mm Hg, heart rate is 160 beats per minute, and respiratory rate is 14 breaths per
minute (ventilated with 100% O2). 1500 mL of blood has drained from the right chest. The most
appropriate next step in managing this patient is to: - Ans-urgently transfer the patient to the operating
roomA 39-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department after an automobile collision. He is
cyanotic, has insufficient respiratory effort, and has a GCS score of 6. His full beard makes it difficult to fit
the oxygen facemask to his face. The most appropriate next step is to: - Ans-restrict cervical motion and
attempt orotracheal intubation using 2 peopleA patient is brought to the emergency department after a
motor vehicle crash. He is conscious and there is no obvious external trauma. He arrives at the hospital
completely immobilized on a long spine board. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his heart rate is
70 beats per minute. His skin is warm. Which one of the following statements is TRUE? - Ans-Flaccidity of
the lower extremities and loss of deep tendon reflexes are expected.Which one of the following is the
most effective method for initially treating frostbite? - Ans-moist heatA 32-year-old man's right leg is
trapped beneath his overturned car for nearly 2 hours before he is extricated. On arrival in the
emergency department, his right lower extremity is cool, mottled, insensate, and motionless. Despite
normal vital signs, pulses cannot be palpated below the right femoral artery and the muscles of the
lower extremity are firm and hard. During the management of this patient, which of the following is
most likely to improve the chances for limb salvage? - Ans-surgical consultation for right lower extremity
fasciotomyA patient arrives in the emergency department after being beaten about the head and face
with a wooden club. He is comatose and has a palpable depressed skull fracture. His face is swollen and
ecchymotic. He has gurgling respirations and vomitus on his face and clothing. The most appropriate
step after providing supplemental oxygen and elevating his jaw is to: - Ans-suction the oropharynxA 22-
year-old man sustains a gunshot wound to the left chest and is transported to a small community
hospital no surgical capabilities are available. In the emergency department, a chest tube is inserted and
700 mL of blood is evacuated. The trauma center accepts the patient in transfer. Just before the patient
is placed in the ambulance for transfer, his blood pressure decreases to 80/68 mm Hg and his heart rate
increases to 136 beats per minute. The next step should be to: - Ans-repeat the primary survey and
proceed with transferA 64-year-old man involved in a high-speed car crash, is resuscitated initially in a
small hospital without surgical capabilities. He has a closed head injury with a GCS score of 13. He has a
widened mediastinum on chest x-ray with fractures of left ribs 2 through 4, but no pneumothorax. After
initiating fluid resuscitation, his blood pressure is 110/74 mm Hg, heart rate is 100 beats per minute, and
respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute. He has gross hematuria and a pelvic fracture. You decide to
transfer this patient to a facility capable of providing a higher level of care. The facility is 128 km (80
miles) away. Before transfer, you should first: - Ans-call the receiving hospital and speak to the surgeon
on callHemorrhage of 20% of the patient's blood volume is associated usually with: - Ans-
,tachycardiaWhich one of the following statements concerning intraosseous infusion is TRUE? - Ans-
Aspiration of bone marrow confirms appropriate positioning of the needle.A young woman sustains a
severe head injury as the result of a motor vehicle crash. In the emergency department, her GCS is 6. Her
blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and her heart rate is 80 beats per minute. She is intubated and
mechanically ventilated. Her pupils are 3 mm in size and equally reactive to light. There is no other
apparent injury. The most important principle to follow in the early management of her head injury is to:
- Ans-avoid hypotensionA 33-year-old woman is involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. It took 30
minutes to extricate her from the car. Upon arrival in the emergency department, her heart rate is 120
beats per minute, BP is 90/70 mm Hg, respiratory rate is 16 breaths per minute, and her GCS score is 15.
Examination reveals bilaterally equal breath sounds, anterior chest wall ecchymosis, and distended neck
veins. Her abdomen is flat, soft, and not tender. Her pelvis is stable. Palpable distal pulses are found in all
4 extremities. Of the following, the most likely diagnosis is: - Ans-cardiac tamponadeA hemodynamically
normal 10-year-old girl is hospitalized for observation after a Grade III (moderately severe) splenic injury
has been confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Which of the following mandates prompt celiotomy
(laparotomy)? - Ans-development of peritonitis on physical examA 40-year-old woman who was a
restrained driver in a motor vehicle crash is evaluated in the emergency department. She is
hemodynamically normal and found to be paraplegic at the level of T10. Which of the following are true
regarding her evaluation and management? - Ans-Log rolling using 4 people is a safe approach to restrict
spinal motion when moving her.A trauma patient presents to your emergency department with
inspiratory stridor and a suspected c-spine injury. Oxygen saturation is 88% on high-flow oxygen via a
nonrebreathing mask. The most appropriate next step is to: - Ans-restrict cervical motion and establish a
definitive airwayWhen applying the Rule of Nines to infants: - Ans-The head is proportionally larger in
infants than in adults.A healthy young male is brought to the emergency department following a motor
vehicle crash. His vital signs are a blood pressure of 84/60, pulse 123, GCS 10. The patient moans when
his pelvis is palpated. After initiating fluid resuscitation, the next step in management is: - Ans-placement
of a pelvic binderWhich one of the following situations requires Rh immunoglobulin administration to an
injured woman? - Ans-positive pregnancy test, Rh negative, and has torso traumaA 22-year-old female
athlete is stabbed in her left chest at the third interspace in the anterior axillary line. On admission to the
emergency department and 15 minutes after the incident, she is awake and alert. Her heart rate is 100
beats per minute, blood pressure 80/60 mm Hg, and respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute. A chest x-
ray reveals a large left hemothorax. A left chest tube is placed with an immediate return of 1600 mL of
blood. The next management step for this patient is: - Ans-prepare for an exploratory thoracotomyA 6-
year-old boy walking across the street is struck by the front bumper of a sports utility vehicle traveling at
32 kph (20 mph). Which one of the following statements is TRUE about this patient? - Ans-A pulmonary
contusion may be present in the absence of rib fractures.Assessed first in trauma patient - Ans-
Airway(*)Degree of burn that is characterized by bone involvement - Ans-FourthComplications of head
trauma - Ans-Intracerebral hematoma
Extradural hematoma
Brain abscessMost common cause of laryngotracheal stenosis - Ans-TraumaIntervention that can help
prevent development of acute renal failure - Ans-Infusion of normal salineA 26-year-old male is
resuscitated with blood transfusion after a motor vehicle collision that was complicated by a fractured
pelvis. A few hours later, the patient becomes febrile, hypotensive with a normal CVP, and oliguric. Upon
, examination, the patient is found to be bleeding from the NG tube and IV sites. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hemorrhagic shock
B. Acute adrenal insufficiency
C. Fat embolism syndrome
D. Transfusion reaction - Ans-D. Transfusion reactionSkin antiseptic - Ans--Ethanol 70% is an effective skin
antiseptic
-Acetic acid can be used to treat Gram- skin infections
-Salicylic acid is used to treat certain skin yeast infectionsClass IV hemorrhage indicates what % blood
loss - Ans-55%How does shivering affect body temperature - Ans-Increases body temperatureClass III
hemorrhage indicates what % of blood loss - Ans-35%Management of a stable patient with kidney
contusion - Ans-ObservationAssociated with hypovolemic shock - Ans--Inadequate tissue perfusion with
resultant tissue hypoxia
-Blood shunting to vital organs
-Decreased circulating blood volume and decreased venous return
-Low cardiac output
-Loss of less than 20% of the blood volume is usually without symptom except for mild tachycardia
-Patients become orthostatic with losses between 20 and 40%
-Shock is evidenced by tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, flat neck veinsThe most effective method of
monitoring the success of resuscitation during CPR? - Ans-Reactivity of pupils to lightUsed to ensure
correct placement of endotracheal tube - Ans--Ultrasound
-Bilateral breath sounds
-Sustained end-tidal CO2Total body surface area involved in a burn in an adult to the anterior chest and
abdomen - Ans-18%What is often caused by carotid massage? - Ans-BradycardiaStep in a patient
diagnosed with tension pneumothorax - Ans-1. Needle decompression/ thoracotomy
2. Chest tubeTrue statements regarding diaphragmatic injuries - Ans--Blunt diaphragmatic injuries are
usually associated with skeletal trauma
-Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries may be missed
-Repair of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries usually does not require prosthetic materialFirst priority in
the treatment of an unconscious patient - Ans-Checking the pulseA patient involved in a road accident is
brought to the emergency department in an unconscious state. On arrival, her vitals show a temperature
of 96.4 degrees Fahrenheit, a respiration rate of 24 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 140 beats per
minute, and a blood pressure of 80/40 mm Hg. She is cold, shivering, and perspiring profusely. She has
bilateral reactive pupils but she does not respond to pain. On physical examination, she has no obvious
sign of external bleeding. Which of the following cannot be the cause of hypotension in this patient?
A 22-year-old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder. His blood
pressure is initially 80/40 mm Hg. After initial fluid resuscitation his blood pressure increases to 122/84
mm Hg. His heart rate is now 100 beats per minute and his respiratory rate is 28 breaths per minute. A
tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left chest breath sounds with the return of a small
amount of blood and no air leak. After chest tube insertion, the most appropriate next step is: - Ans-re-
examine the chestA construction worker falls two stories from a building and sustains bilateral calcaneal
fractures. In the emergency department, he is alert, vital signs are normal, and he is complaining of
severe pain in both heels and his lower back. Lower extremity pulses are strong and there is no other
deformity. The suspected diagnosis is most likely to be confirmed by: - Ans-complete spine x-ray
seriesWhich of the following is true regarding the initial resuscitation of a trauma patient? - Ans-
Evidence of improved perfusion after fluid resuscitation could include improvement in Glasgow Coma
Scale score on reevaluation.In managing a patient with a severe traumatic brain injury, the most
important initial step is to: - Ans-secure the airwayA previously healthy, 70-kg (154-pound) man suffers
an estimated acute blood loss of 2 liters. Which one of the following statements applies to this patient? -
Ans-An ABG would demonstrate a base deficit between -6 and -10 mEq/L.The physiological hypervolemia
of pregnancy has clinical significance in the management of the severely injured, gravid woman by: -
Ans-increasing the volume of blood loss to produce maternal hypotensionThe best assessment of fluid
resuscitation of the adult burn patient is: - Ans-urinary output of 0.5 mL/kg/hrThe diagnosis of shock
must include: - Ans-evidence of inadequate organ perfusionA 7-year-old boy is brought to the
emergency department by his parents several minutes after he fell through a window. He is bleeding
profusely from a 6-cm wound of his medial right thigh. Immediate management of the wound should
consist of: - Ans-direct pressure on the woundFor the patient with severe traumatic brain injury,
profound hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent: - Ans-cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished
perfusionAfter being involved in a motor vehicle crash, a 25-year-old man is brought to a hospital that
has surgery capabilities available.. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen shows an aortic
injury and splenic laceration with free abdominal fluid. His blood pressure falls to 70 mm Hg after CT. The
next step is: - Ans-perform an exploratory laparotomyWhich one of the following statements regarding
abdominal trauma in the pregnant patient is TRUE? - Ans-Leakage of amniotic fluid is an indication for
hospital admission.The first maneuver to improve oxygenation after chest injury is: - Ans-administer
supplemental oxygenA 25-year-old man, injured in a motor vehicular crash, is admitted to the
emergency department. His pupils react sluggishly and his eyes open to pressure. He does not follow
commands, but he does moan periodically. His right arm is deformed and does not respond to pressure;
however, his left hand reaches purposefully toward the stimulus. Both legs are stiffly extended. His GCS
score is: - Ans-9A 20-year-old woman who is at 32 weeks gestation, is stabbed in the upper right chest. In
the emergency department, her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. She is gasping for breath, extremely
anxious, and yelling for help. Breath sounds are diminished in the right chest. The most appropriate first
step is to: - Ans-perform needle or finger decompression of the right chestWhich one of the following
findings in an adult is most likely to require immediate management during the primary survey? - Ans-
respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minuteThe most important, immediate step in the management of an
open pneumothorax is: - Ans-placement of an occlusive dressing over the woundThe following are
contraindications for tetanus toxoid administration: - Ans-history of neurological reaction or severe
,hypersensitivity to the productA 56-year-old man is thrown violently against the steering wheel of his
truck during a motor vehicle crash. On arrival in the emergency department he is diaphoretic and
complaining of chest pain. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his respiratory rate is 40 breaths per
minute. Which of the following best differentiates cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax as the
cause of his hypotension? - Ans-breath soundsBronchial intubation of the right or left mainstem
bronchus can easily occur during infant endotracheal intubation because: - Ans-The trachea is relatively
short.A 23-year-old man sustains 4 stab wounds to the upper right chest during an altercation and is
brought by ambulance to a hospital that has full surgical capabilities. His wounds are all above the
nipple. He is endotracheally intubated, closed tube thoracostomy is performed, fluid resuscitation is
initiated through 2 large-caliber IVs. FAST exam does not reveal intraabdominal injuries. His blood
pressure now is 60/0 mm Hg, heart rate is 160 beats per minute, and respiratory rate is 14 breaths per
minute (ventilated with 100% O2). 1500 mL of blood has drained from the right chest. The most
appropriate next step in managing this patient is to: - Ans-urgently transfer the patient to the operating
roomA 39-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department after an automobile collision. He is
cyanotic, has insufficient respiratory effort, and has a GCS score of 6. His full beard makes it difficult to fit
the oxygen facemask to his face. The most appropriate next step is to: - Ans-restrict cervical motion and
attempt orotracheal intubation using 2 peopleA patient is brought to the emergency department after a
motor vehicle crash. He is conscious and there is no obvious external trauma. He arrives at the hospital
completely immobilized on a long spine board. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his heart rate is
70 beats per minute. His skin is warm. Which one of the following statements is TRUE? - Ans-Flaccidity of
the lower extremities and loss of deep tendon reflexes are expected.Which one of the following is the
most effective method for initially treating frostbite? - Ans-moist heatA 32-year-old man's right leg is
trapped beneath his overturned car for nearly 2 hours before he is extricated. On arrival in the
emergency department, his right lower extremity is cool, mottled, insensate, and motionless. Despite
normal vital signs, pulses cannot be palpated below the right femoral artery and the muscles of the
lower extremity are firm and hard. During the management of this patient, which of the following is
most likely to improve the chances for limb salvage? - Ans-surgical consultation for right lower extremity
fasciotomyA patient arrives in the emergency department after being beaten about the head and face
with a wooden club. He is comatose and has a palpable depressed skull fracture. His face is swollen and
ecchymotic. He has gurgling respirations and vomitus on his face and clothing. The most appropriate
step after providing supplemental oxygen and elevating his jaw is to: - Ans-suction the oropharynxA 22-
year-old man sustains a gunshot wound to the left chest and is transported to a small community
hospital no surgical capabilities are available. In the emergency department, a chest tube is inserted and
700 mL of blood is evacuated. The trauma center accepts the patient in transfer. Just before the patient
is placed in the ambulance for transfer, his blood pressure decreases to 80/68 mm Hg and his heart rate
increases to 136 beats per minute. The next step should be to: - Ans-repeat the primary survey and
proceed with transferA 64-year-old man involved in a high-speed car crash, is resuscitated initially in a
small hospital without surgical capabilities. He has a closed head injury with a GCS score of 13. He has a
widened mediastinum on chest x-ray with fractures of left ribs 2 through 4, but no pneumothorax. After
initiating fluid resuscitation, his blood pressure is 110/74 mm Hg, heart rate is 100 beats per minute, and
respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute. He has gross hematuria and a pelvic fracture. You decide to
transfer this patient to a facility capable of providing a higher level of care. The facility is 128 km (80
miles) away. Before transfer, you should first: - Ans-call the receiving hospital and speak to the surgeon
on callHemorrhage of 20% of the patient's blood volume is associated usually with: - Ans-
,tachycardiaWhich one of the following statements concerning intraosseous infusion is TRUE? - Ans-
Aspiration of bone marrow confirms appropriate positioning of the needle.A young woman sustains a
severe head injury as the result of a motor vehicle crash. In the emergency department, her GCS is 6. Her
blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and her heart rate is 80 beats per minute. She is intubated and
mechanically ventilated. Her pupils are 3 mm in size and equally reactive to light. There is no other
apparent injury. The most important principle to follow in the early management of her head injury is to:
- Ans-avoid hypotensionA 33-year-old woman is involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. It took 30
minutes to extricate her from the car. Upon arrival in the emergency department, her heart rate is 120
beats per minute, BP is 90/70 mm Hg, respiratory rate is 16 breaths per minute, and her GCS score is 15.
Examination reveals bilaterally equal breath sounds, anterior chest wall ecchymosis, and distended neck
veins. Her abdomen is flat, soft, and not tender. Her pelvis is stable. Palpable distal pulses are found in all
4 extremities. Of the following, the most likely diagnosis is: - Ans-cardiac tamponadeA hemodynamically
normal 10-year-old girl is hospitalized for observation after a Grade III (moderately severe) splenic injury
has been confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Which of the following mandates prompt celiotomy
(laparotomy)? - Ans-development of peritonitis on physical examA 40-year-old woman who was a
restrained driver in a motor vehicle crash is evaluated in the emergency department. She is
hemodynamically normal and found to be paraplegic at the level of T10. Which of the following are true
regarding her evaluation and management? - Ans-Log rolling using 4 people is a safe approach to restrict
spinal motion when moving her.A trauma patient presents to your emergency department with
inspiratory stridor and a suspected c-spine injury. Oxygen saturation is 88% on high-flow oxygen via a
nonrebreathing mask. The most appropriate next step is to: - Ans-restrict cervical motion and establish a
definitive airwayWhen applying the Rule of Nines to infants: - Ans-The head is proportionally larger in
infants than in adults.A healthy young male is brought to the emergency department following a motor
vehicle crash. His vital signs are a blood pressure of 84/60, pulse 123, GCS 10. The patient moans when
his pelvis is palpated. After initiating fluid resuscitation, the next step in management is: - Ans-placement
of a pelvic binderWhich one of the following situations requires Rh immunoglobulin administration to an
injured woman? - Ans-positive pregnancy test, Rh negative, and has torso traumaA 22-year-old female
athlete is stabbed in her left chest at the third interspace in the anterior axillary line. On admission to the
emergency department and 15 minutes after the incident, she is awake and alert. Her heart rate is 100
beats per minute, blood pressure 80/60 mm Hg, and respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute. A chest x-
ray reveals a large left hemothorax. A left chest tube is placed with an immediate return of 1600 mL of
blood. The next management step for this patient is: - Ans-prepare for an exploratory thoracotomyA 6-
year-old boy walking across the street is struck by the front bumper of a sports utility vehicle traveling at
32 kph (20 mph). Which one of the following statements is TRUE about this patient? - Ans-A pulmonary
contusion may be present in the absence of rib fractures.Assessed first in trauma patient - Ans-
Airway(*)Degree of burn that is characterized by bone involvement - Ans-FourthComplications of head
trauma - Ans-Intracerebral hematoma
Extradural hematoma
Brain abscessMost common cause of laryngotracheal stenosis - Ans-TraumaIntervention that can help
prevent development of acute renal failure - Ans-Infusion of normal salineA 26-year-old male is
resuscitated with blood transfusion after a motor vehicle collision that was complicated by a fractured
pelvis. A few hours later, the patient becomes febrile, hypotensive with a normal CVP, and oliguric. Upon
, examination, the patient is found to be bleeding from the NG tube and IV sites. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hemorrhagic shock
B. Acute adrenal insufficiency
C. Fat embolism syndrome
D. Transfusion reaction - Ans-D. Transfusion reactionSkin antiseptic - Ans--Ethanol 70% is an effective skin
antiseptic
-Acetic acid can be used to treat Gram- skin infections
-Salicylic acid is used to treat certain skin yeast infectionsClass IV hemorrhage indicates what % blood
loss - Ans-55%How does shivering affect body temperature - Ans-Increases body temperatureClass III
hemorrhage indicates what % of blood loss - Ans-35%Management of a stable patient with kidney
contusion - Ans-ObservationAssociated with hypovolemic shock - Ans--Inadequate tissue perfusion with
resultant tissue hypoxia
-Blood shunting to vital organs
-Decreased circulating blood volume and decreased venous return
-Low cardiac output
-Loss of less than 20% of the blood volume is usually without symptom except for mild tachycardia
-Patients become orthostatic with losses between 20 and 40%
-Shock is evidenced by tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, flat neck veinsThe most effective method of
monitoring the success of resuscitation during CPR? - Ans-Reactivity of pupils to lightUsed to ensure
correct placement of endotracheal tube - Ans--Ultrasound
-Bilateral breath sounds
-Sustained end-tidal CO2Total body surface area involved in a burn in an adult to the anterior chest and
abdomen - Ans-18%What is often caused by carotid massage? - Ans-BradycardiaStep in a patient
diagnosed with tension pneumothorax - Ans-1. Needle decompression/ thoracotomy
2. Chest tubeTrue statements regarding diaphragmatic injuries - Ans--Blunt diaphragmatic injuries are
usually associated with skeletal trauma
-Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries may be missed
-Repair of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries usually does not require prosthetic materialFirst priority in
the treatment of an unconscious patient - Ans-Checking the pulseA patient involved in a road accident is
brought to the emergency department in an unconscious state. On arrival, her vitals show a temperature
of 96.4 degrees Fahrenheit, a respiration rate of 24 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 140 beats per
minute, and a blood pressure of 80/40 mm Hg. She is cold, shivering, and perspiring profusely. She has
bilateral reactive pupils but she does not respond to pain. On physical examination, she has no obvious
sign of external bleeding. Which of the following cannot be the cause of hypotension in this patient?
