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Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era, and
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Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations
gi gi gi gi
Salvo: Massage Therapy 7th Edition
gi gi gi
MULTIPLE CHOICE gi
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction fo
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
r therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
gi gi gi gi gi
a. Acupunctur
gigig i
e
b. Ayurvedgigig i
a
c. Polarity therap
gigig i gi
y
d. Massage therap
gigig i gi
y
ANS: gig i
D
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes.
gi gi gi gi gi
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Mashes gigig i
h
b. Masso gigigi gi
c. Masser gigigi gi
d. Makeh gigig i
ANS: gig i
B
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
gi gi gi gi gi
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. 1600s gigigi gi
b. 1700s gigigi g
c. 1800s
i gigigi g
d. 1900
i gigig i
s
ANS: gig i
C
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
based cultures. Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
simply rubbing. gi
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Indi gigig i
a
b. gigig i China gi
c. gigig i Egypt gi
d. gigig i Greec
e
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ANS: gig i
B
Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Tao Te Chin
gigig i gi gi
g
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b. gigig i Nei Ching gi
c. gigig i Ayur-Veda
d. gigig i Corpus Hippocraticum gi
ANS: B gig i
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yell
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
ow Emperor (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese med
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
icine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work con
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
tains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energeti
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
c therapies?
gi
a. Polarity
gigig i
b. Shiatsu
gigig i
c. Acupuncture
gigig i
d. Amma
gigig i
ANS: D gig i
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
therapies, manual and energetic.
gi gi gi gi
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Ayurveda
gigig i
b. Shiatsugigigi gi
c. Amma gigig i gi
d. Polaritgigig i
y
ANS: A gig i
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Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
Ayur-
gi
Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable healin
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
g procedure.
gi
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressur
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
e of the thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Ayurveda
gigig i
b. Shiatsu
gigig i
c. Massage
gigig i
d. Amma
gigig i
ANS: B gig i
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as a
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
cupuncture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shi
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
atsu therapists use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and fe
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
et.
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Galen gigig i gi
b. Celsus gigigi gi
c. Rhaze gigig i
s
d. gigig i Hippocrates
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ANS: D gig i
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ His works are collectively
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to pati
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
ents.
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in bot
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
h the East and the West?
gi gi gi gi gi
a. Rhazes gigig i
b. Celsus gigig i
c. Avicenna
gigig i
d. Hippocrates
gigig i
ANS: C gig i
A text entitled
gi gi gigi
or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest Persian physicians of his era, Avic
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
enna (980- gi
1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in t
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
he history of medicine in both the East and the West.
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Paré gigig i
b. Harvey gigig i
c. Galen gigig i
d. Mezger gigig i
ANS: A gig i
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Ambroise Paré (1515- gi gi
1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest individuals in this era
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
to discuss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat dislocated joints and ot
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
her orthopedic conditions.
gi gi
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscula
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
r contraction of the heart?
gi gi gi gi
a. Paré gigig i
b. Galen gigig i
c. Harvey gigig i
d. Mezger gigig i
ANS: C gig i
English scientist William Harvey (1578–
gi gi gi gi
1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628. Harvey observed the hearts of living ani
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
mals and determined that muscular contraction
gi gi gi gi gi
(systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins. This discovery enhanced the acceptance of
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
massage as a therapeutic measure.
gi gi gi gi gi
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Johann Mezger gigig i gi
b. Pehr H. Ling gigig i gi gi
c. George Henry Taylor
gigig i gi gi
d. John Harvey Kellogg
gigig i gi gi
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Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era, and
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations
gi gi gi gi
Salvo: Massage Therapy 7th Edition
gi gi gi
MULTIPLE CHOICE gi
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction fo
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
r therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
gi gi gi gi gi
a. Acupunctur
gigig i
e
b. Ayurvedgigig i
a
c. Polarity therap
gigig i gi
y
d. Massage therap
gigig i gi
y
ANS: gig i
D
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes.
gi gi gi gi gi
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Mashes gigig i
h
b. Masso gigigi gi
c. Masser gigigi gi
d. Makeh gigig i
ANS: gig i
B
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
gi gi gi gi gi
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. 1600s gigigi gi
b. 1700s gigigi g
c. 1800s
i gigigi g
d. 1900
i gigig i
s
ANS: gig i
C
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
based cultures. Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
simply rubbing. gi
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Indi gigig i
a
b. gigig i China gi
c. gigig i Egypt gi
d. gigig i Greec
e
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ANS: gig i
B
Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Tao Te Chin
gigig i gi gi
g
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b. gigig i Nei Ching gi
c. gigig i Ayur-Veda
d. gigig i Corpus Hippocraticum gi
ANS: B gig i
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yell
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
ow Emperor (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese med
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
icine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work con
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
tains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energeti
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
c therapies?
gi
a. Polarity
gigig i
b. Shiatsu
gigig i
c. Acupuncture
gigig i
d. Amma
gigig i
ANS: D gig i
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
therapies, manual and energetic.
gi gi gi gi
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Ayurveda
gigig i
b. Shiatsugigigi gi
c. Amma gigig i gi
d. Polaritgigig i
y
ANS: A gig i
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Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
Ayur-
gi
Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable healin
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
g procedure.
gi
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressur
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
e of the thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Ayurveda
gigig i
b. Shiatsu
gigig i
c. Massage
gigig i
d. Amma
gigig i
ANS: B gig i
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as a
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
cupuncture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shi
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
atsu therapists use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and fe
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
et.
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Galen gigig i gi
b. Celsus gigigi gi
c. Rhaze gigig i
s
d. gigig i Hippocrates
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ANS: D gig i
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ His works are collectively
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to pati
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
ents.
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in bot
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
h the East and the West?
gi gi gi gi gi
a. Rhazes gigig i
b. Celsus gigig i
c. Avicenna
gigig i
d. Hippocrates
gigig i
ANS: C gig i
A text entitled
gi gi gigi
or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest Persian physicians of his era, Avic
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
enna (980- gi
1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in t
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
he history of medicine in both the East and the West.
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Paré gigig i
b. Harvey gigig i
c. Galen gigig i
d. Mezger gigig i
ANS: A gig i
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Ambroise Paré (1515- gi gi
1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest individuals in this era
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
to discuss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat dislocated joints and ot
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
her orthopedic conditions.
gi gi
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscula
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
r contraction of the heart?
gi gi gi gi
a. Paré gigig i
b. Galen gigig i
c. Harvey gigig i
d. Mezger gigig i
ANS: C gig i
English scientist William Harvey (1578–
gi gi gi gi
1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628. Harvey observed the hearts of living ani
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
mals and determined that muscular contraction
gi gi gi gi gi
(systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins. This discovery enhanced the acceptance of
gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
massage as a therapeutic measure.
gi gi gi gi gi
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
gigig i gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi gi
a. Johann Mezger gigig i gi
b. Pehr H. Ling gigig i gi gi
c. George Henry Taylor
gigig i gi gi
d. John Harvey Kellogg
gigig i gi gi
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