IPAC CIC Exam Practice Questions With
Correct Answers
Primary Barriers - Answer - Physical barriers that act as the first part of the immune system, including
skin, mucous membranes, and expulsion (coughing, sneezing, urinating, vomiting, etc.).
Innate Immunity - Answer - The second area of the immune system that is non-specific, spontaneous,
and reactive. Includes phagocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and neutrophils.
Adaptive Immunity - Answer - The third area of the immune system that is specific, has memory, and
adapts to and recognizes specific antigens. Memory occurs through B cells and T cells.
Immunosenescence - Answer - Naturally waning immunity that occurs as part of the ageing process
What is the most common cause of acute GI infection in LTC? - Answer - Norovirus
What is the incubation and infectious period for norovirus? - Answer - Incubation = 2 days
Infectious = up to 10 days
What is the leading cause of death amongst LTC residents? - Answer - Influenza
What is the incubation and infectious period for influenza? - Answer - Incubation = 1 day
Infectious = up to 5 days
What are the 10 ethical principles in LTC related to IPAC? - Answer - 1. Beneficence
2. Non-maleficence
3. Futility of treatment
4. Confidentiality
5. Autonomy and informed consent
, 6. Physician-patient relationship
7. Truth telling
8. Justice
9. Non-abandonment
10. Limited resources
Beneficence - Answer - • Do right ("good") by the patient.
• The physician's main concern is the welfare of the patient.
• Do what is medically helpful.
Non-maleficence - Answer - • Avoiding harm.
• Implement effective non-hospital treatment when possible (due to complications that can arise during
hospitalization of elderly patients).
• Withhold diagnostic work-up or treatment when intervention is unlikely to result in meaningful survival
or patient well-being.
Futility of treatment - Answer - • Treatment should be consistent with the patient's (clinically realistic)
goals.
• Assess each case individually so as to determine whether treatment would be beneficial.
• Avoid interventions that would not benefit the patient and/or prolong suffering.
• Physician's role as an educator helps clarify issues.
Confidentiality - Answer - • Complete and absolute confidentiality is the underlying tenet.
• Comply with laws regarding disclosure to public health authorities and third parties.
Autonomy and informed consent - Answer - • A patient has the inherent right of self-determination.
• A patient has the right to consent and a right to refuse diagnostic work-up or treatment. This includes
protection from unwanted touching.
• A patient has the right to be educated on the pros and cons of a medical decision.
Correct Answers
Primary Barriers - Answer - Physical barriers that act as the first part of the immune system, including
skin, mucous membranes, and expulsion (coughing, sneezing, urinating, vomiting, etc.).
Innate Immunity - Answer - The second area of the immune system that is non-specific, spontaneous,
and reactive. Includes phagocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and neutrophils.
Adaptive Immunity - Answer - The third area of the immune system that is specific, has memory, and
adapts to and recognizes specific antigens. Memory occurs through B cells and T cells.
Immunosenescence - Answer - Naturally waning immunity that occurs as part of the ageing process
What is the most common cause of acute GI infection in LTC? - Answer - Norovirus
What is the incubation and infectious period for norovirus? - Answer - Incubation = 2 days
Infectious = up to 10 days
What is the leading cause of death amongst LTC residents? - Answer - Influenza
What is the incubation and infectious period for influenza? - Answer - Incubation = 1 day
Infectious = up to 5 days
What are the 10 ethical principles in LTC related to IPAC? - Answer - 1. Beneficence
2. Non-maleficence
3. Futility of treatment
4. Confidentiality
5. Autonomy and informed consent
, 6. Physician-patient relationship
7. Truth telling
8. Justice
9. Non-abandonment
10. Limited resources
Beneficence - Answer - • Do right ("good") by the patient.
• The physician's main concern is the welfare of the patient.
• Do what is medically helpful.
Non-maleficence - Answer - • Avoiding harm.
• Implement effective non-hospital treatment when possible (due to complications that can arise during
hospitalization of elderly patients).
• Withhold diagnostic work-up or treatment when intervention is unlikely to result in meaningful survival
or patient well-being.
Futility of treatment - Answer - • Treatment should be consistent with the patient's (clinically realistic)
goals.
• Assess each case individually so as to determine whether treatment would be beneficial.
• Avoid interventions that would not benefit the patient and/or prolong suffering.
• Physician's role as an educator helps clarify issues.
Confidentiality - Answer - • Complete and absolute confidentiality is the underlying tenet.
• Comply with laws regarding disclosure to public health authorities and third parties.
Autonomy and informed consent - Answer - • A patient has the inherent right of self-determination.
• A patient has the right to consent and a right to refuse diagnostic work-up or treatment. This includes
protection from unwanted touching.
• A patient has the right to be educated on the pros and cons of a medical decision.
