©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
NUR 3110 Study Guide
Cardioprotective - answer✔includes all mechanisms and means that contribute to the
preservation of the heart by reducing or even preventing myocardial damage.
reflex tachycardia - answer✔If blood pressure decreases, the heart beats faster in an attempt
to raise it
coronary artery disease - answer✔The usual cause is the buildup of plaque. This causes
coronary arteries to narrow, limiting blood flow to the heart. Coronary artery disease can range
from no symptoms, to chest pain, to a heart attack. Treatments include lifestyle changes,
medications, angioplasty, and surgery.
Lipoproteins - answer✔· Lipoproteins are particles made of protein and fats (lipids). They
contain cholesterol and triglycerides . They carry cholesterol through your bloodstream to your
cells. The two main groups of lipoproteins are called HDL (high-density lipoprotein) or "good"
cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) or "bad" cholesterol. HDL carries cholesterol back
to your liver to be flushed out of your body. LDL increases your risk of coronary artery disease,
heart attacks and stroke. LDL carries cholesterol that accumulates as plaque inside blood
vessels. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) are another type of "bad cholesterol." VLDLs carry
triglycerides — and to a lesser degree, cholesterol — to your tissues.
Myopathy - answer✔disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not function properly.
Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects your myocardium (heart muscle). Cardiomyopathy can
make your heart stiffen, enlarge or thicken and can cause scar tissue. As a result, your heart
can't pump blood effectively to the rest of your body. In time, your heart can weaken and
cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure. Caused bt CAD, diabetes, hypertension, lifestyle
Rhabdomyolysis - answer✔A breakdown of muscle tissue that releases a damaging protein into
the blood and can cause kidney damage. S/S dark reddish urine, muscle aches and weakness.
intracranial hemorrhage - answer✔· also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding within the
skull.
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, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
atrial fibrillation - answer✔irregular heart rhythm that begins in your heart's upper chambers
(atria). Symptoms include fatigue, heart palpitations, trouble breathing and dizziness. Afib is
one of the most common arrhythmias. Risk factors include high blood pressure, coronary artery
disease and having obesity. AFib can lead to blood clots in the heart. The condition also
increases the risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications.
ACE inhibitors (lisinopril) Indications - answer✔Antihypertensive, they lower high blood
pressure
ACE inhibitors MOA - answer✔Blocks angiotensin 1 angiotensin 2 (Angiotensin is a hormone
that helps regulate your blood pressure by constricting (narrowing) blood vessels and triggering
water and salt (sodium) intake
Lisinopril Side effects/adverse effects - answer✔nonproductive cough (can keep people up at
night, very common, makes some people not tolerate medicine), dizziness, hyperkalemia,
angioedema (facial swelling can lead to blocked airway), tachycardia, hypotension
lisinopril Contraindications - answer✔pregnancy , K sparing diuretics (because hyperkalemia
SE), salt substitutes with potassium (hyperkalemia)
Lisinopril Patient education - answer✔take exactly as directed, stop if become pregnant, don't
use potassium salt, contact doctor if you experience any swelling of the face, lips, tongue or
throat or if you experience very bad dizziness or passing out
Lisinopril Nursing considerations - answer✔African adults and older adults tend to not respond
as well to ACE inhibitor monotherapy
ARBs (-sartan, ie losartan) contraindications - answer✔Hypertension
ARBs (-sartan, ie losartan) MOA - answer✔Prevent release of aldosterone, block angiotensin 2
from receptors (RAAS system is hormone system that regulates BP)
Losartan - answer✔dizziness, hypotension, headache, hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia
Losartan Contraindications - answer✔may lead to hyperkalemia in patients with renal disease
or patients taking agents likely to cause hyperkalemia(K+ supplements, K+ sparing diuretics,
ACEIs, DRIs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents)
Losartan is what kind of drug - answer✔ARB
ARB Pt Education - answer✔ARBs are generally well-tolerated but, as with any drug, they can
cause unwanted effects, including dizziness, headache and fatigue. These may improve after a
few days. After you start the drug, you'll need another blood-test to check your kidney function.
2|Page
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
NUR 3110 Study Guide
Cardioprotective - answer✔includes all mechanisms and means that contribute to the
preservation of the heart by reducing or even preventing myocardial damage.
reflex tachycardia - answer✔If blood pressure decreases, the heart beats faster in an attempt
to raise it
coronary artery disease - answer✔The usual cause is the buildup of plaque. This causes
coronary arteries to narrow, limiting blood flow to the heart. Coronary artery disease can range
from no symptoms, to chest pain, to a heart attack. Treatments include lifestyle changes,
medications, angioplasty, and surgery.
Lipoproteins - answer✔· Lipoproteins are particles made of protein and fats (lipids). They
contain cholesterol and triglycerides . They carry cholesterol through your bloodstream to your
cells. The two main groups of lipoproteins are called HDL (high-density lipoprotein) or "good"
cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) or "bad" cholesterol. HDL carries cholesterol back
to your liver to be flushed out of your body. LDL increases your risk of coronary artery disease,
heart attacks and stroke. LDL carries cholesterol that accumulates as plaque inside blood
vessels. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) are another type of "bad cholesterol." VLDLs carry
triglycerides — and to a lesser degree, cholesterol — to your tissues.
Myopathy - answer✔disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not function properly.
Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects your myocardium (heart muscle). Cardiomyopathy can
make your heart stiffen, enlarge or thicken and can cause scar tissue. As a result, your heart
can't pump blood effectively to the rest of your body. In time, your heart can weaken and
cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure. Caused bt CAD, diabetes, hypertension, lifestyle
Rhabdomyolysis - answer✔A breakdown of muscle tissue that releases a damaging protein into
the blood and can cause kidney damage. S/S dark reddish urine, muscle aches and weakness.
intracranial hemorrhage - answer✔· also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding within the
skull.
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
atrial fibrillation - answer✔irregular heart rhythm that begins in your heart's upper chambers
(atria). Symptoms include fatigue, heart palpitations, trouble breathing and dizziness. Afib is
one of the most common arrhythmias. Risk factors include high blood pressure, coronary artery
disease and having obesity. AFib can lead to blood clots in the heart. The condition also
increases the risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications.
ACE inhibitors (lisinopril) Indications - answer✔Antihypertensive, they lower high blood
pressure
ACE inhibitors MOA - answer✔Blocks angiotensin 1 angiotensin 2 (Angiotensin is a hormone
that helps regulate your blood pressure by constricting (narrowing) blood vessels and triggering
water and salt (sodium) intake
Lisinopril Side effects/adverse effects - answer✔nonproductive cough (can keep people up at
night, very common, makes some people not tolerate medicine), dizziness, hyperkalemia,
angioedema (facial swelling can lead to blocked airway), tachycardia, hypotension
lisinopril Contraindications - answer✔pregnancy , K sparing diuretics (because hyperkalemia
SE), salt substitutes with potassium (hyperkalemia)
Lisinopril Patient education - answer✔take exactly as directed, stop if become pregnant, don't
use potassium salt, contact doctor if you experience any swelling of the face, lips, tongue or
throat or if you experience very bad dizziness or passing out
Lisinopril Nursing considerations - answer✔African adults and older adults tend to not respond
as well to ACE inhibitor monotherapy
ARBs (-sartan, ie losartan) contraindications - answer✔Hypertension
ARBs (-sartan, ie losartan) MOA - answer✔Prevent release of aldosterone, block angiotensin 2
from receptors (RAAS system is hormone system that regulates BP)
Losartan - answer✔dizziness, hypotension, headache, hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia
Losartan Contraindications - answer✔may lead to hyperkalemia in patients with renal disease
or patients taking agents likely to cause hyperkalemia(K+ supplements, K+ sparing diuretics,
ACEIs, DRIs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents)
Losartan is what kind of drug - answer✔ARB
ARB Pt Education - answer✔ARBs are generally well-tolerated but, as with any drug, they can
cause unwanted effects, including dizziness, headache and fatigue. These may improve after a
few days. After you start the drug, you'll need another blood-test to check your kidney function.
2|Page
