NURS 3366 PATHO FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM 2
VERSIONS COMPLETE ACCURATE 171 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
(100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - ANSWER..Autoimmune Disorder that causes
Cirrhosis
2 Problems involving Cirrhosis - ANSWER..Diminished Hepatocyte FXN &
Portal HTN
4 Problems involving Diminished Hepatocyte FXN - ANSWER..These problems
are the cause of what:
1. Nutritional Malabsorption
2. Protein Depletion
3. Decreased Metabolism
4. Decreased Kupffer Cells3
How does Nutritional Malabsorption happen? - ANSWER..In Cirrhosis →
hepatocytes diminish their fxn.
1. VITAMIN DEFICIENCY & WEIGHT LOSS (bile salts → unable to absorb
fat & fat soluble vitamins)
2. IMPAIRED FAT & CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM (impairs synthesis of
lipoproteins thus alters cholesterol levels)
3. IMPAIRED GLYCOGENOSIS & GLUCONEOGENESIS (hypoglycemic)
How does Protein Depletion happen? - ANSWER..In Cirrhosis → hepatocytes
diminish in fxn:
1. ASCITES & EDEMA (fluid shift from abdominal portal veins to abdominal
cavity → fluid accrues & skin stretches)
2. FIBRINOGEN & PROTHROMBIN (↓ clotting+ easy bleeding)
3. Thrombocytopenia from splenomegaly
How does Decrease Metabolism happen - ANSWER..In Cirrhosis → hepatocytes
diminish in fxn:
,1. can't breakdown AMMONIA → UREA → Hepatic Encephalopathy (low
mentation, blurred vision, tremors - asterixis, seizures)
2. can't breakdown DRUGS → low albumin binding thus DRUGS are highly
effective.
3. can't breakdown HORMONES (men-Glenocomastia - breast growth) (women-
Hirsutism - manly hair growth).
4. can't breakdown GLUCOCORTICOIDS → hypercortisolism - cushing's
5. can't breakdown ALDOSTERONE → ascites, edema, water retention
How does decrease Kupffer cells happen - ANSWER..In Cirrhosis → diminished
Hepatocyte in fxn:
1. cells are no longer able to FILTER OUT BACTERIA. + pt suffers from
Leukopenia from splenomegaly → increase risk for infection.
3 Problems involving Portal HTN - ANSWER..These problems are causes of
what:
1. Ascites
2. Splenomegaly
3. Varices
Portal HTN & Ascites - ANSWER..back pressure cause FLUID to back into
SMALL ARTERIES & CAPILLARIES → increase hydrostatic pressure → fluid
leak into abdominal tissue → abdominal cavity → abdomen swells
Portal HTN & Splenomegaly - ANSWER..back pressure cause VENOUS
BLOOD to back into LIVER→ blood overcomes resistance → pressure increases
→ liver cells dilate & liver becomes larger → venous stasis in enlarged spleen →
breakdown of RBC, Thrombocytes, Leukopenia, Anemia (easy bleeding, increase
risk of infection)
Portal HTN & Varices - ANSWER..back pressure cause VENOUS BLOOD to
back into ESOPHAGUS & RECTUM
Esophagus Varice - ANSWER..If veins from esophagus ruptures → pt can bleed
to death
Rectum Varices - ANSWER..Hemorrhoids
, DX Cirrhosis - ANSWER..Lab value of Bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP & Liver
Biopsy
TX of Cirrhosis - ANSWER..quit ETOH, Drugs. Low Protein Diet. Give diuretics
& IV Albumin.
Types of CNS disorders - ANSWER..Migraine, Seizures, Meningitis
S&S of Migraines - ANSWER..Phonophobia and Photophobia and Unilateral
headache
CNS Disorders - ANSWER..Migraines, Seizures, Meningitis are what kind of
disorder
TX of Migraines - ANSWER..Abortive - Imitrex
Prodrome of Migraine - ANSWER..Photophobia & Phonophobia
Postdrome of Migraine - ANSWER..washed out - tired- weak
Types of Seizure - ANSWER..General
&
Partial
S&S of Seizures - ANSWER..tonic-clonic muscle contraction & movement
completely or partially unconsciousness
Post Seizure Symptoms - ANSWER..Confused, Dazed, Combative
S&S of Bacterial Meningitis - ANSWER..Brain Edema: Photophobia - eye pain,
blurred vision, N&V, headaches.
Spinal Cord Edema: stiff neck and movement. positive Brudniski & Kernig's
signs
VERSIONS COMPLETE ACCURATE 171 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
(100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - ANSWER..Autoimmune Disorder that causes
Cirrhosis
2 Problems involving Cirrhosis - ANSWER..Diminished Hepatocyte FXN &
Portal HTN
4 Problems involving Diminished Hepatocyte FXN - ANSWER..These problems
are the cause of what:
1. Nutritional Malabsorption
2. Protein Depletion
3. Decreased Metabolism
4. Decreased Kupffer Cells3
How does Nutritional Malabsorption happen? - ANSWER..In Cirrhosis →
hepatocytes diminish their fxn.
1. VITAMIN DEFICIENCY & WEIGHT LOSS (bile salts → unable to absorb
fat & fat soluble vitamins)
2. IMPAIRED FAT & CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM (impairs synthesis of
lipoproteins thus alters cholesterol levels)
3. IMPAIRED GLYCOGENOSIS & GLUCONEOGENESIS (hypoglycemic)
How does Protein Depletion happen? - ANSWER..In Cirrhosis → hepatocytes
diminish in fxn:
1. ASCITES & EDEMA (fluid shift from abdominal portal veins to abdominal
cavity → fluid accrues & skin stretches)
2. FIBRINOGEN & PROTHROMBIN (↓ clotting+ easy bleeding)
3. Thrombocytopenia from splenomegaly
How does Decrease Metabolism happen - ANSWER..In Cirrhosis → hepatocytes
diminish in fxn:
,1. can't breakdown AMMONIA → UREA → Hepatic Encephalopathy (low
mentation, blurred vision, tremors - asterixis, seizures)
2. can't breakdown DRUGS → low albumin binding thus DRUGS are highly
effective.
3. can't breakdown HORMONES (men-Glenocomastia - breast growth) (women-
Hirsutism - manly hair growth).
4. can't breakdown GLUCOCORTICOIDS → hypercortisolism - cushing's
5. can't breakdown ALDOSTERONE → ascites, edema, water retention
How does decrease Kupffer cells happen - ANSWER..In Cirrhosis → diminished
Hepatocyte in fxn:
1. cells are no longer able to FILTER OUT BACTERIA. + pt suffers from
Leukopenia from splenomegaly → increase risk for infection.
3 Problems involving Portal HTN - ANSWER..These problems are causes of
what:
1. Ascites
2. Splenomegaly
3. Varices
Portal HTN & Ascites - ANSWER..back pressure cause FLUID to back into
SMALL ARTERIES & CAPILLARIES → increase hydrostatic pressure → fluid
leak into abdominal tissue → abdominal cavity → abdomen swells
Portal HTN & Splenomegaly - ANSWER..back pressure cause VENOUS
BLOOD to back into LIVER→ blood overcomes resistance → pressure increases
→ liver cells dilate & liver becomes larger → venous stasis in enlarged spleen →
breakdown of RBC, Thrombocytes, Leukopenia, Anemia (easy bleeding, increase
risk of infection)
Portal HTN & Varices - ANSWER..back pressure cause VENOUS BLOOD to
back into ESOPHAGUS & RECTUM
Esophagus Varice - ANSWER..If veins from esophagus ruptures → pt can bleed
to death
Rectum Varices - ANSWER..Hemorrhoids
, DX Cirrhosis - ANSWER..Lab value of Bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP & Liver
Biopsy
TX of Cirrhosis - ANSWER..quit ETOH, Drugs. Low Protein Diet. Give diuretics
& IV Albumin.
Types of CNS disorders - ANSWER..Migraine, Seizures, Meningitis
S&S of Migraines - ANSWER..Phonophobia and Photophobia and Unilateral
headache
CNS Disorders - ANSWER..Migraines, Seizures, Meningitis are what kind of
disorder
TX of Migraines - ANSWER..Abortive - Imitrex
Prodrome of Migraine - ANSWER..Photophobia & Phonophobia
Postdrome of Migraine - ANSWER..washed out - tired- weak
Types of Seizure - ANSWER..General
&
Partial
S&S of Seizures - ANSWER..tonic-clonic muscle contraction & movement
completely or partially unconsciousness
Post Seizure Symptoms - ANSWER..Confused, Dazed, Combative
S&S of Bacterial Meningitis - ANSWER..Brain Edema: Photophobia - eye pain,
blurred vision, N&V, headaches.
Spinal Cord Edema: stiff neck and movement. positive Brudniski & Kernig's
signs
