AAMC FL 1 FULL REVIEW- Chem/Phys
In the chromatography of the reaction aggregate, water absorbed on cellulose functioned as the
desk bound phase. What turned into the principal element determining the migration of
character components in the sample?
A.Hydrogen bonding
B.Solute awareness
C.Stationary section attention
D.Thickness of paper - ANSB and D are dumb options. Knock them out.
Hydrogen bonding to the desk bound phase will decide the relative fee of migration of the
numerous components in the pattern.
When thinking migration, think bonding. If it bonds tremendous well, it is not going to transport
very some distance.
What assumption is being made if scientists conclude that aspartic acid turned into formed by
the prebiological synthesis within the passage?
A.Aspartic acid is volatile at temperatures under one hundred fifty°C.
B.All of the malic acid underwent the dehydration reaction to form fumaric/maleic acid.
C.Compound A and cyanide were to be had on primitive Earth.
D.The reaction among ammonia and fumaric acid was catalyzed with the aid of the presence of
water. - ANSPOE:
D- is wrong. Water isn't always a catalyst
B- some of the magic acid become turned to aspartic acid within the subsequent equation.
WRONG.
A- the a hundred and fifty tiers comes into play when the scientists are doing the real
experiment, NOT the synthesis.
C- passage has proper before the discern of the response: "scientists have studied the
manufacturing of amino acids below situations that simulate those of primitive Earth."
^^^^this shows that C is the proper answer.
,According to the advanced chromatography plate shown beneath, what's the approximate Rf
value of aspartic acid? - ANSRf: distance travelled via analyze/distance traveled via solvent.
2/10---> zero.2
Which of the subsequent statements does NOT efficaciously describe the dehydration of malic
acid to fumaric acid and maleic acid?
A.The response happens most with ease with tertiary alcohols.
B.The response entails the loss of a water molecule.
C.The response has a carbocation intermediate.
D.The reaction is stereospecific. - ANSNOT is the key word.
DEHYDRATION involves:
-lack of a water molecule (pass b out)
-it does have a carbocation (sn1)
-and does like tert substitutions (snl)
D is incorrect. Two merchandise are made, therefore it is not stereospecific.
What sort of purposeful institution is fashioned when aspartic acid reacts with every other amino
acid to shape a peptide bond?
A.An amine organization
B.An aldehyde group
C.An amide institution
D.A carboxyl institution - ANSC. Amide is the other quit of the peptide bond!
Peptide bond= carboxyl organization reacts with amine, creating a c=o subsequent to an N
which is an amide
If 2-pentanol replaces 1-pentanol inside the reaction shown in Figure 3, the price of substitution
is less due to the fact:
A.The C-O bond in 2-pentanol is more potent than the C-O bond in 1-pentanol.
B.There's a competing removal reaction that slows the price of substitution.
C.There may be extra steric hassle on the oxygen atom in 2-pentanol than in 1-pentanol,
making protonation much less likely.
, D.There's extra steric hassle at the 2-position of 2-pentanol than on the 1-position of 1-pentanol.
- ANSFigure three suggests an SN2 reaction. You know that SN2 reactions hate steric
hinderance. It actually will now not go along with a tertiary one, but is hella gradual with a
secondary one.
The steric hinderance is not at the oxygen. It's speakme approximately all of the other crap.
What's critical is the Halide being capable of attack the carbocation intermediate, that's made
greater hard through hinderance from the greater alkyl companies considering the fact that it is
further down the chain
The oxygen isn't always sterically hindered. Its sincerely pretty available to be protonated. The
carbon but is surrounded by different carbons and hydrogens which will increase steric problem
at that site. Which is absolutely the handiest aspect that matters since the nucleophile can be
attacking that carbon and no longer the oxygen that presumably already left the molecule as
H20. D is accurate.
Hydride shifts - ANSare now not DIRECT products.
Direct products= products without rearrangement.
If an answer containing the compounds proven in Figure 4, is injected right into a gas-liquid
chromatograph, the primary height observed inside the gc hint is because of which compound?
A.2-Methyl-2-butanol
B.2-Methyl-2-butene
C.2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
D.2-Bromo-2-methylbutane - ANSGas chromatography will elute the LIGHTEST molecular
weight FIRST. B is the lightest compound
Chirality - ANSif lowest precedence is on a wedge, flip the stereochemistry. If on sprint, you
gucci
In determining which reactant loses the -OH institution, which of the following isotopic
substitutions could be maximum beneficial?
A.Replace the acidic H of acetic acid with D.
B.Replace the alcoholic H of ethanol with D.
C.Replace the carbonyl oxygen of acetic acid with O-18.
D.Replace the hydroxyl oxygen of ethanol with O-18. - ANSD. This would be the oxygen this is
introduced to the product
In the chromatography of the reaction aggregate, water absorbed on cellulose functioned as the
desk bound phase. What turned into the principal element determining the migration of
character components in the sample?
A.Hydrogen bonding
B.Solute awareness
C.Stationary section attention
D.Thickness of paper - ANSB and D are dumb options. Knock them out.
Hydrogen bonding to the desk bound phase will decide the relative fee of migration of the
numerous components in the pattern.
When thinking migration, think bonding. If it bonds tremendous well, it is not going to transport
very some distance.
What assumption is being made if scientists conclude that aspartic acid turned into formed by
the prebiological synthesis within the passage?
A.Aspartic acid is volatile at temperatures under one hundred fifty°C.
B.All of the malic acid underwent the dehydration reaction to form fumaric/maleic acid.
C.Compound A and cyanide were to be had on primitive Earth.
D.The reaction among ammonia and fumaric acid was catalyzed with the aid of the presence of
water. - ANSPOE:
D- is wrong. Water isn't always a catalyst
B- some of the magic acid become turned to aspartic acid within the subsequent equation.
WRONG.
A- the a hundred and fifty tiers comes into play when the scientists are doing the real
experiment, NOT the synthesis.
C- passage has proper before the discern of the response: "scientists have studied the
manufacturing of amino acids below situations that simulate those of primitive Earth."
^^^^this shows that C is the proper answer.
,According to the advanced chromatography plate shown beneath, what's the approximate Rf
value of aspartic acid? - ANSRf: distance travelled via analyze/distance traveled via solvent.
2/10---> zero.2
Which of the subsequent statements does NOT efficaciously describe the dehydration of malic
acid to fumaric acid and maleic acid?
A.The response happens most with ease with tertiary alcohols.
B.The response entails the loss of a water molecule.
C.The response has a carbocation intermediate.
D.The reaction is stereospecific. - ANSNOT is the key word.
DEHYDRATION involves:
-lack of a water molecule (pass b out)
-it does have a carbocation (sn1)
-and does like tert substitutions (snl)
D is incorrect. Two merchandise are made, therefore it is not stereospecific.
What sort of purposeful institution is fashioned when aspartic acid reacts with every other amino
acid to shape a peptide bond?
A.An amine organization
B.An aldehyde group
C.An amide institution
D.A carboxyl institution - ANSC. Amide is the other quit of the peptide bond!
Peptide bond= carboxyl organization reacts with amine, creating a c=o subsequent to an N
which is an amide
If 2-pentanol replaces 1-pentanol inside the reaction shown in Figure 3, the price of substitution
is less due to the fact:
A.The C-O bond in 2-pentanol is more potent than the C-O bond in 1-pentanol.
B.There's a competing removal reaction that slows the price of substitution.
C.There may be extra steric hassle on the oxygen atom in 2-pentanol than in 1-pentanol,
making protonation much less likely.
, D.There's extra steric hassle at the 2-position of 2-pentanol than on the 1-position of 1-pentanol.
- ANSFigure three suggests an SN2 reaction. You know that SN2 reactions hate steric
hinderance. It actually will now not go along with a tertiary one, but is hella gradual with a
secondary one.
The steric hinderance is not at the oxygen. It's speakme approximately all of the other crap.
What's critical is the Halide being capable of attack the carbocation intermediate, that's made
greater hard through hinderance from the greater alkyl companies considering the fact that it is
further down the chain
The oxygen isn't always sterically hindered. Its sincerely pretty available to be protonated. The
carbon but is surrounded by different carbons and hydrogens which will increase steric problem
at that site. Which is absolutely the handiest aspect that matters since the nucleophile can be
attacking that carbon and no longer the oxygen that presumably already left the molecule as
H20. D is accurate.
Hydride shifts - ANSare now not DIRECT products.
Direct products= products without rearrangement.
If an answer containing the compounds proven in Figure 4, is injected right into a gas-liquid
chromatograph, the primary height observed inside the gc hint is because of which compound?
A.2-Methyl-2-butanol
B.2-Methyl-2-butene
C.2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
D.2-Bromo-2-methylbutane - ANSGas chromatography will elute the LIGHTEST molecular
weight FIRST. B is the lightest compound
Chirality - ANSif lowest precedence is on a wedge, flip the stereochemistry. If on sprint, you
gucci
In determining which reactant loses the -OH institution, which of the following isotopic
substitutions could be maximum beneficial?
A.Replace the acidic H of acetic acid with D.
B.Replace the alcoholic H of ethanol with D.
C.Replace the carbonyl oxygen of acetic acid with O-18.
D.Replace the hydroxyl oxygen of ethanol with O-18. - ANSD. This would be the oxygen this is
introduced to the product
