ATI CAPSTONE MEDICAL SURGICAL
ALL 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES/ ATI MED SURG
CAPSTONE ASSESSMENT 1 & 2 REAL
LATEST EXAMS 2024/2025 (BRAND
NEW!!
Cardiovascular Disorders
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A patient is admitted with acute pancreatitis. Which laboratory finding is most indicative of this
condition? a. Elevated serum amylase
b. Decreased serum calcium
c. Elevated serum bilirubin
d. Elevated serum creatinine
Answer: a. Elevated serum amylase
2. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for a patient with acute myocardial
infarction? a. Administering a diuretic
b. Providing oxygen therapy
c. Encouraging ambulation
d. Teaching about a low-sodium diet
Answer: b. Providing oxygen therapy
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease is experiencing hyperkalemia. Which medication is likely to
be administered to address this condition? a. Furosemide
b. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
c. Spironolactone
d. Lisinopril
,Answer: b. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
4. Which clinical manifestation is most indicative of left-sided heart failure? a. Peripheral edema
b. Jugular vein distention
c. Ascites
d. Pulmonary congestion
Answer: d. Pulmonary congestion
5. A patient with cirrhosis is being monitored for signs of hepatic encephalopathy. Which of the
following is a key indicator of this condition? a. Jaundice
b. Asterixis
c. Pruritus
d. Hepatomegaly
Answer: b. Asterixis
6. Which of the following is the most important nursing action when caring for a patient with a
chest tube? a. Clamping the chest tube every 2 hours
b. Keeping the drainage system below the chest level
c. Milking the chest tube to prevent clots
d. Changing the dressing every shift
Answer: b. Keeping the drainage system below the chest level
7. A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.
Which laboratory test is most important to confirm diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? a. Serum
creatinine
b. Arterial blood gases
c. Serum glucose
d. Serum potassium
Answer: b. Arterial blood gases
8. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed to prevent thromboembolic events
in patients with atrial fibrillation? a. Warfarin
b. Digoxin
c. Metoprolol
d. Furosemide
Answer: a. Warfarin
9. A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease presents with sudden, severe abdominal pain and
a rigid abdomen. What is the priority nursing action? a. Administering antacids
b. Preparing the patient for surgery
c. Encouraging oral fluids
d. Providing a high-protein diet
Answer: b. Preparing the patient for surgery
, 10. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur in a patient with Addison's disease? a.
Hypernatremia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyperphosphatemia
Answer: b. Hyperkalemia
True/False Questions
11. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be encouraged to drink at
least 3 liters of fluid per day.
Answer: True
12. A positive Trousseau's sign is indicative of hypocalcemia.
Answer: True
13. Patients with hypothyroidism often experience heat intolerance and weight loss.
Answer: False
14. Administering intravenous insulin is the first-line treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
state (HHS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Answer: False
15. A patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) should avoid prolonged periods of
immobility.
Answer: True
Short Answer Questions
16. Describe the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure.
Answer: Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to
meet the body's needs. This can result from conditions that weaken the heart muscle, such as coronary
artery disease, hypertension, or cardiomyopathy. The reduced cardiac output leads to fluid
accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary congestion) and peripheral tissues (edema), causing symptoms
like shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling.
17. What is the significance of monitoring blood glucose levels in patients receiving corticosteroid
therapy?
Answer: Corticosteroids can raise blood glucose levels by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing
insulin sensitivity. Monitoring blood glucose levels in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy is
important to detect and manage hyperglycemia, which can lead to complications such as infections,
poor wound healing, and in severe cases, hyperglycemic crises.
18. Explain the role of beta-blockers in the management of hypertension.
ALL 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
WELL ELABORATED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES/ ATI MED SURG
CAPSTONE ASSESSMENT 1 & 2 REAL
LATEST EXAMS 2024/2025 (BRAND
NEW!!
Cardiovascular Disorders
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A patient is admitted with acute pancreatitis. Which laboratory finding is most indicative of this
condition? a. Elevated serum amylase
b. Decreased serum calcium
c. Elevated serum bilirubin
d. Elevated serum creatinine
Answer: a. Elevated serum amylase
2. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for a patient with acute myocardial
infarction? a. Administering a diuretic
b. Providing oxygen therapy
c. Encouraging ambulation
d. Teaching about a low-sodium diet
Answer: b. Providing oxygen therapy
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease is experiencing hyperkalemia. Which medication is likely to
be administered to address this condition? a. Furosemide
b. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
c. Spironolactone
d. Lisinopril
,Answer: b. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
4. Which clinical manifestation is most indicative of left-sided heart failure? a. Peripheral edema
b. Jugular vein distention
c. Ascites
d. Pulmonary congestion
Answer: d. Pulmonary congestion
5. A patient with cirrhosis is being monitored for signs of hepatic encephalopathy. Which of the
following is a key indicator of this condition? a. Jaundice
b. Asterixis
c. Pruritus
d. Hepatomegaly
Answer: b. Asterixis
6. Which of the following is the most important nursing action when caring for a patient with a
chest tube? a. Clamping the chest tube every 2 hours
b. Keeping the drainage system below the chest level
c. Milking the chest tube to prevent clots
d. Changing the dressing every shift
Answer: b. Keeping the drainage system below the chest level
7. A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.
Which laboratory test is most important to confirm diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? a. Serum
creatinine
b. Arterial blood gases
c. Serum glucose
d. Serum potassium
Answer: b. Arterial blood gases
8. Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed to prevent thromboembolic events
in patients with atrial fibrillation? a. Warfarin
b. Digoxin
c. Metoprolol
d. Furosemide
Answer: a. Warfarin
9. A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease presents with sudden, severe abdominal pain and
a rigid abdomen. What is the priority nursing action? a. Administering antacids
b. Preparing the patient for surgery
c. Encouraging oral fluids
d. Providing a high-protein diet
Answer: b. Preparing the patient for surgery
, 10. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to occur in a patient with Addison's disease? a.
Hypernatremia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyperphosphatemia
Answer: b. Hyperkalemia
True/False Questions
11. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be encouraged to drink at
least 3 liters of fluid per day.
Answer: True
12. A positive Trousseau's sign is indicative of hypocalcemia.
Answer: True
13. Patients with hypothyroidism often experience heat intolerance and weight loss.
Answer: False
14. Administering intravenous insulin is the first-line treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
state (HHS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Answer: False
15. A patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) should avoid prolonged periods of
immobility.
Answer: True
Short Answer Questions
16. Describe the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure.
Answer: Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to
meet the body's needs. This can result from conditions that weaken the heart muscle, such as coronary
artery disease, hypertension, or cardiomyopathy. The reduced cardiac output leads to fluid
accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary congestion) and peripheral tissues (edema), causing symptoms
like shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling.
17. What is the significance of monitoring blood glucose levels in patients receiving corticosteroid
therapy?
Answer: Corticosteroids can raise blood glucose levels by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing
insulin sensitivity. Monitoring blood glucose levels in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy is
important to detect and manage hyperglycemia, which can lead to complications such as infections,
poor wound healing, and in severe cases, hyperglycemic crises.
18. Explain the role of beta-blockers in the management of hypertension.
