Exam (elaborations) NR 307

The answers are in bold

 Which of the following is NOT a component of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?

 a) Eye opening
 b) Blood pressure
 c) Verbal response
 d) Motor response

 A GCS score of 3 indicates:

 a) Deep coma
 b) Mild brain injury
 c) Normal consciousness
 d) Moderate brain injury

 Decorticate posturing is characterized by:

 a) Flexion of the arms and legs
 b) Extension of the arms and legs
 c) Flexion of the arms and extension of the legs
 d) Extension of the arms and flexion of the legs

 A patient with a suspected stroke requires which of the following diagnostic tests?

 a) CT scan of the head
 b) MRI of the head
 c) Carotid ultrasound
 d) All of the above

 Which of the following is a risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke?

 a) Hypertension
 b) Atrial fibrillation
 c) Carotid stenosis
 d) High cholesterol

 What is the most common type of dementia?

 a) Vascular dementia
 b) Lewy body dementia
 c) Alzheimer's disease
 d) Frontotemporal dementia

 Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of Parkinson's disease?

,  a) Tremor
 b) Bradykinesia
 c) Rigidity
 d) Hyperreflexia

 Which medication is commonly used to treat Parkinson's disease?

 a) Levodopa/carbidopa
 b) Donepezil
 c) Memantine
 d) Rivastigmine

 Which of the following is a potential complication of a spinal cord injury?

 a) Paralysis
 b) Loss of sensation
 c) Autonomic dysreflexia
 d) All of the above

 What is the priority intervention for a patient with a suspected spinal cord injury?

 a) Immobilization of the spine
 b) Administration of pain medication
 c) Assessment of neurological function
 d) Insertion of a Foley catheter

 Which type of seizure involves both hemispheres of the brain?

 a) Focal seizure
 b) Generalized seizure
 c) Absence seizure
 d) Myoclonic seizure

 What is the first-line treatment for status epilepticus?

 a) Phenytoin
 b) Carbamazepine
 c) Benzodiazepines
 d) Valproic acid

 Which of the following is a risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS)?

 a) Female gender
 b) Smoking
 c) Vitamin D deficiency
 d) All of the above

,  Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of MS?

 a) Fatigue
 b) Numbness or tingling
 c) Muscle weakness
 d) Loss of smell

 Which medication is used to treat acute exacerbations of MS?

 a) Corticosteroids
 b) Interferon beta
 c) Glatiramer acetate
 d) Natalizumab

 Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that affects which of the following?

 a) Neuromuscular junction
 b) Myelin sheath
 c) Spinal cord
 d) Brain

 Which of the following is a common symptom of myasthenia gravis?

 a) Muscle weakness that worsens with activity
 b) Ptosis (drooping eyelids)
 c) Diplopia (double vision)
 d) All of the above

 Which medication is used to treat myasthenia gravis?

 a) Pyridostigmine
 b) Prednisone
 c) Azathioprine
 d) All of the above

 Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is characterized by which of the following?

 a) Ascending paralysis
 b) Descending paralysis
 c) Muscle rigidity
 d) Tremor

 Which of the following is a potential complication of GBS?

 a) Respiratory failure
 b) Cardiac arrhythmias