Exploration and Absolutism PASSED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Prince Henry the Navigator - Correct Answer- Founded a navigation school in Sagres,
Portugal; had idea to sail around Africa to reach Asia
Bartholomeo Dias - Correct Answer- Portugese, reached Cape of Good Hope (tip of Africa)
in 1488
Vasco da Gama - Correct Answer- Portugese, reaches India in 1497
Ferdinand Magellan - Correct Answer- Spanish, First voyage to circumnavigate the globe,
1519-1522
Hernando Cortes - Correct Answer- Spaniard who conquered the Aztec Empire
Francisco Pizarro - Correct Answer- Spaniard who subdued the Incas and became the 1st
governor of Peru
Encomedia System - Correct Answer- System similar to feudalism set up by the Spanish to
maintain order in their New World Colonies
Line of Demarcation - Correct Answer- 1493, imaginary line that divided South America into
West (Spain) and East (Portugal)
Treaty of Tordesillas - Correct Answer- 1494, Papal decree that set the Line of Demarcation
Jacques Cartier - Correct Answer- explores Canada and St. Lawrence Basin
Samuel de Champlain - Correct Answer- establishes Quebec in 1608
John Cabot - Correct Answer- English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England
while looking for Northwest Passage
, Privateering - Correct Answer- a system by which privately-owned and operated vessels were
used to raid enemy shipping (legal piracy)
Mercantilism - Correct Answer- colonies exist to provide raw materials; exports must exceed
imports; system is reliant on massive imports of gold and silver; Problem: leads to massive
inflation in mother country
Salutary Neglect - Correct Answer- English policy that allowed for independent economic
development in their colonies
Triangular Trade - Correct Answer- A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s; Aferica
sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and
Rum to Africa
Columbian Exchange - Correct Answer- Transfer of products, ideas, and customs from old to
new worlds and vice versa
Cardinal Richelieu - Correct Answer- was a major influence on European Absolutism; was
the real power in France under the reign of Louis XIII; developed "Raison d'etat"
Raison d'etat - Correct Answer- "Reason of the State"; used to justify any government action
1.) Reduce the power of the nobility, stop internal struggles
2.) Increase the power of the church, Church acts as a tool of the state
3.) Invest in native culture, creates nationalism and patriotism
Thirty Years War - Correct Answer- 1618-1648; Began as a German Civil War between
Protestant North (Sweden, Netherlands, France) and Catholic South (Spain, Austria);
becomes less about religious authority, more about royal dominance between Spain and
France
Treaty of Westphalia - Correct Answer- Ends the Thirty Years War in 1648. Winners are
France and Sweden; Losers are Spain, Austrian Hasburgs, Germany (divided into 300 states)
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Prince Henry the Navigator - Correct Answer- Founded a navigation school in Sagres,
Portugal; had idea to sail around Africa to reach Asia
Bartholomeo Dias - Correct Answer- Portugese, reached Cape of Good Hope (tip of Africa)
in 1488
Vasco da Gama - Correct Answer- Portugese, reaches India in 1497
Ferdinand Magellan - Correct Answer- Spanish, First voyage to circumnavigate the globe,
1519-1522
Hernando Cortes - Correct Answer- Spaniard who conquered the Aztec Empire
Francisco Pizarro - Correct Answer- Spaniard who subdued the Incas and became the 1st
governor of Peru
Encomedia System - Correct Answer- System similar to feudalism set up by the Spanish to
maintain order in their New World Colonies
Line of Demarcation - Correct Answer- 1493, imaginary line that divided South America into
West (Spain) and East (Portugal)
Treaty of Tordesillas - Correct Answer- 1494, Papal decree that set the Line of Demarcation
Jacques Cartier - Correct Answer- explores Canada and St. Lawrence Basin
Samuel de Champlain - Correct Answer- establishes Quebec in 1608
John Cabot - Correct Answer- English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England
while looking for Northwest Passage
, Privateering - Correct Answer- a system by which privately-owned and operated vessels were
used to raid enemy shipping (legal piracy)
Mercantilism - Correct Answer- colonies exist to provide raw materials; exports must exceed
imports; system is reliant on massive imports of gold and silver; Problem: leads to massive
inflation in mother country
Salutary Neglect - Correct Answer- English policy that allowed for independent economic
development in their colonies
Triangular Trade - Correct Answer- A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s; Aferica
sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and
Rum to Africa
Columbian Exchange - Correct Answer- Transfer of products, ideas, and customs from old to
new worlds and vice versa
Cardinal Richelieu - Correct Answer- was a major influence on European Absolutism; was
the real power in France under the reign of Louis XIII; developed "Raison d'etat"
Raison d'etat - Correct Answer- "Reason of the State"; used to justify any government action
1.) Reduce the power of the nobility, stop internal struggles
2.) Increase the power of the church, Church acts as a tool of the state
3.) Invest in native culture, creates nationalism and patriotism
Thirty Years War - Correct Answer- 1618-1648; Began as a German Civil War between
Protestant North (Sweden, Netherlands, France) and Catholic South (Spain, Austria);
becomes less about religious authority, more about royal dominance between Spain and
France
Treaty of Westphalia - Correct Answer- Ends the Thirty Years War in 1648. Winners are
France and Sweden; Losers are Spain, Austrian Hasburgs, Germany (divided into 300 states)
