BTEC APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY - UNIT 3
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Health and Ill Health general definition - ANSWER complete physical, mental and social well-being, not
just the absence of disease
Health and Ill Health BIOMEDICAL definition - ANSWER physical/biological factors, illness is a physical
disease and health is the absence of disease
Health and Ill Health BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL definition - ANSWER interaction of biological, psychological and
social factors to enhance health and prevent disease
Health as a Continuum - ANSWER health/ill health are two extremes with many in-between states
Stress - ANSWER emotional response to situations of threat
Physical stressors - ANSWER temperature, noise
Psychological stressors - ANSWER life events, daily hassles
Physiological Stress Response - ANSWER bodily symptoms; increased heart rate, sick, sweating
Psychological Stress Response - ANSWER the emotion you feel when a stressor occurs
Perceived Ability to Cope - ANSWER people react different to the same stressors due to perception of
our internal and external coping resources
Addiction - ANSWER complex mental health disorder, pleasurable despite harmful consequences
Physiological addiction - ANSWER physical effects; withdrawal and tolerance
Griffiths 6 Components of Addiction - ANSWER 1. Salience (physical and psychological dependence)
2. Tolerence
3. Withdrawal
4. Relapse
5. Conflict
6. Mood alteration
HBM - ANSWER explains why people engage/don't in healthy behaviour
1. perceived seriousness
2. perceived susceptibility
3. cost-benefit analysis
4. modifying factors (demographics variables, self efficacy etc)
HBM Evaluation - ANSWER + practical application, bowel/colon cancer
, + strong credibility, works irl
- not a single model
- assumes we are rational
HBM studies - ANSWER Becker and Carpenter
LOC - ANSWER internal: events under own control, take blame
external: outside own control, blame others
LOC evaluation - ANSWER +Research, externals vulnerable to risks factors (AVTGIS)
+Practical Application, internal protects against stress (GALE)
-Limited role in health related behaviours, only current relevance
-Complex, internals can be stressed by unavoidable events (KRAUSE)
LOC 3 studies - ANSWER Rotter (review into internal/external)
Abouserie (gender differences, Loc and self esteem link in students)
Krause (older adults w extreme internal/external=more stressful life events)
TPB - ANSWER explain how people control voluntary behaviour
1. personal attitude (favourable/not for own behaviour)
2. subjective norms (being approved/disproved)
3. PBC (how much we believe we can control it)
TPB Evaluation - ANSWER +Research, attitudes, norms and PBC influenced intentions thus alcohol
consumption (HAGGER)
-Not full explanation, gambling behaviour of teens can't be explained by any (MILLER N HOWELL)
-ST vs LT, intention can't predict LT so not applicable to real life (McEACHAN)
TPB studies - ANSWER Louis (TPB to explain health decision making)
Cooke (review links between TPB, intentions to consume n actual consumption of alcohol)
Self-efficacy theory - ANSWER belief in own ability to succeed
1. mastery experiences (experience of successful tasks)
2. vicarious reinforcement (observe successful task)
3. social persuasion (encouragement)
4. emotional state (stress n anxiety levels)
Self-efficacy evaluation - ANSWER +research, studies found its linked to several health related behaviours
+practical application, break target behaviour into achievable tasks, easiest first t
-measurement issues, unclear, confused with confidence/self esteem
- backfire effects, higher reduces next task performance
Self-efficacy studies - ANSWER Bandura (snake phobia)
Marlatt
Self-efficacy theorist - ANSWER Marlatt
AIM - review research into links between self efficacy and aspects of addiction
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Health and Ill Health general definition - ANSWER complete physical, mental and social well-being, not
just the absence of disease
Health and Ill Health BIOMEDICAL definition - ANSWER physical/biological factors, illness is a physical
disease and health is the absence of disease
Health and Ill Health BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL definition - ANSWER interaction of biological, psychological and
social factors to enhance health and prevent disease
Health as a Continuum - ANSWER health/ill health are two extremes with many in-between states
Stress - ANSWER emotional response to situations of threat
Physical stressors - ANSWER temperature, noise
Psychological stressors - ANSWER life events, daily hassles
Physiological Stress Response - ANSWER bodily symptoms; increased heart rate, sick, sweating
Psychological Stress Response - ANSWER the emotion you feel when a stressor occurs
Perceived Ability to Cope - ANSWER people react different to the same stressors due to perception of
our internal and external coping resources
Addiction - ANSWER complex mental health disorder, pleasurable despite harmful consequences
Physiological addiction - ANSWER physical effects; withdrawal and tolerance
Griffiths 6 Components of Addiction - ANSWER 1. Salience (physical and psychological dependence)
2. Tolerence
3. Withdrawal
4. Relapse
5. Conflict
6. Mood alteration
HBM - ANSWER explains why people engage/don't in healthy behaviour
1. perceived seriousness
2. perceived susceptibility
3. cost-benefit analysis
4. modifying factors (demographics variables, self efficacy etc)
HBM Evaluation - ANSWER + practical application, bowel/colon cancer
, + strong credibility, works irl
- not a single model
- assumes we are rational
HBM studies - ANSWER Becker and Carpenter
LOC - ANSWER internal: events under own control, take blame
external: outside own control, blame others
LOC evaluation - ANSWER +Research, externals vulnerable to risks factors (AVTGIS)
+Practical Application, internal protects against stress (GALE)
-Limited role in health related behaviours, only current relevance
-Complex, internals can be stressed by unavoidable events (KRAUSE)
LOC 3 studies - ANSWER Rotter (review into internal/external)
Abouserie (gender differences, Loc and self esteem link in students)
Krause (older adults w extreme internal/external=more stressful life events)
TPB - ANSWER explain how people control voluntary behaviour
1. personal attitude (favourable/not for own behaviour)
2. subjective norms (being approved/disproved)
3. PBC (how much we believe we can control it)
TPB Evaluation - ANSWER +Research, attitudes, norms and PBC influenced intentions thus alcohol
consumption (HAGGER)
-Not full explanation, gambling behaviour of teens can't be explained by any (MILLER N HOWELL)
-ST vs LT, intention can't predict LT so not applicable to real life (McEACHAN)
TPB studies - ANSWER Louis (TPB to explain health decision making)
Cooke (review links between TPB, intentions to consume n actual consumption of alcohol)
Self-efficacy theory - ANSWER belief in own ability to succeed
1. mastery experiences (experience of successful tasks)
2. vicarious reinforcement (observe successful task)
3. social persuasion (encouragement)
4. emotional state (stress n anxiety levels)
Self-efficacy evaluation - ANSWER +research, studies found its linked to several health related behaviours
+practical application, break target behaviour into achievable tasks, easiest first t
-measurement issues, unclear, confused with confidence/self esteem
- backfire effects, higher reduces next task performance
Self-efficacy studies - ANSWER Bandura (snake phobia)
Marlatt
Self-efficacy theorist - ANSWER Marlatt
AIM - review research into links between self efficacy and aspects of addiction
