lOMoAR cPSD| 37461421
Bio chem Midterm FULL Review
EXAM 2024
Introduction to Biochemistry (Athabasca University)
, lOMoAR cPSD| 37461421
BIOCHEM MIDTERM PREP
Units 1-5
- Memorize all 20 amino acids
- Memorize what all the complex carbs look like and a few facts about them
- Know Michaleis-Menton graph and be able to identify type of enzyme inhibitor
- Be able to explain how to get Vmax and Km from Lineweaver-Burk
- Know how to translate DNA to mRNA and know the peptide that would be translated
o do not need to memorize codons
- Outline steps of translation
- Know about all categories of:
o Lipids
o Active/passive transport
o Plasmids
o Repressor proteins
o Splicing
o Oxidation and reduction
Questions that were previously posted:
1. How does the insulin signaling pathway work (2 routes)?
2. Explain beta oxidation (4 steps and why it’s important)
3. Name 2 ketogenic amino acids and what they do
4. Explain the difference between citric acid cycle and glyoxylate cycle
5. Define:
• Trans animation and deamination
• Affinity
• Chromatography
• RTKs
• 2 enzymes in phosphorylation cascade
, lOMoAR cPSD| 37461421
Unit 1: Cells, Water and Buffers
Lesson 1:
1. Define “biochemistry”
Biochemistry is the study of the ways in which the molecules and reactions of life interact
2. List the 6 elements that make of 99% of living cells
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Calcium
3. List the classes of biomolecules the building blocks
Proteins (amino acids), carbohydrates (polysaccharides, disaccharides and monosaccharides),
lipids (fatty acids), nucleic acids (nucleotides and ribonucleotides)
4. How would you test whether a population of microorganisms demonstrate life?
Assuming you have no equipment
To see if a population of microorganisms demonstrate life you would need to observe growth
and conclude metabolic activity. To do this I would place the population is a beaker or container
with water and place in room temperature environment. To go even further I would make
another container or 2 and add sugar to one and salt to the other. If turbidity is noticed then
multiplication have occurred and if an increase in temperature is noticed then biochemical
reactions are taking place.
Lesson 2:
1. How does the composition of the Earth’s crust and living cells differ?
The Earth’s crust is mostly O, Al, Si and Fe. Living cells are mostly made with H, C, O and N. Si
and Al are not found in living matter
2. What is the function of the following organelles?
• Golgi apparatus – involved in protein assembly and secretion
• Lysosome – responsible for digestions
• Ribosome – synthesize proteins
• Mitochondria – synthesizes ATP
• Cytoskeleton – provides support and structure to the cell
3. Where are sugars and fate digested in the cell?
Sugar and fats are partially digested in the cytoplasm. Then transported to the mitochondria
where converted to ATP
4. List the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in the terms of:
• Nucleus – only present in eukaryotes
• Internal structures – only eukaryotes have organelles and an internal membrane
system
• Cytoskeleton – eukaryotes have a cytoskeleton, but prokaryotes do not although
they have some cytoskeletal proteins
• DNA organization – eukaryotic DNA in linear and packaged with histones;
prokaryotic DNA is circular and negatively supercoiled and is not associated with
histones
• Reproduction – eukaryotes perform mitosis and meiosis, but prokaryotes only
dived by binary fission
Bio chem Midterm FULL Review
EXAM 2024
Introduction to Biochemistry (Athabasca University)
, lOMoAR cPSD| 37461421
BIOCHEM MIDTERM PREP
Units 1-5
- Memorize all 20 amino acids
- Memorize what all the complex carbs look like and a few facts about them
- Know Michaleis-Menton graph and be able to identify type of enzyme inhibitor
- Be able to explain how to get Vmax and Km from Lineweaver-Burk
- Know how to translate DNA to mRNA and know the peptide that would be translated
o do not need to memorize codons
- Outline steps of translation
- Know about all categories of:
o Lipids
o Active/passive transport
o Plasmids
o Repressor proteins
o Splicing
o Oxidation and reduction
Questions that were previously posted:
1. How does the insulin signaling pathway work (2 routes)?
2. Explain beta oxidation (4 steps and why it’s important)
3. Name 2 ketogenic amino acids and what they do
4. Explain the difference between citric acid cycle and glyoxylate cycle
5. Define:
• Trans animation and deamination
• Affinity
• Chromatography
• RTKs
• 2 enzymes in phosphorylation cascade
, lOMoAR cPSD| 37461421
Unit 1: Cells, Water and Buffers
Lesson 1:
1. Define “biochemistry”
Biochemistry is the study of the ways in which the molecules and reactions of life interact
2. List the 6 elements that make of 99% of living cells
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Calcium
3. List the classes of biomolecules the building blocks
Proteins (amino acids), carbohydrates (polysaccharides, disaccharides and monosaccharides),
lipids (fatty acids), nucleic acids (nucleotides and ribonucleotides)
4. How would you test whether a population of microorganisms demonstrate life?
Assuming you have no equipment
To see if a population of microorganisms demonstrate life you would need to observe growth
and conclude metabolic activity. To do this I would place the population is a beaker or container
with water and place in room temperature environment. To go even further I would make
another container or 2 and add sugar to one and salt to the other. If turbidity is noticed then
multiplication have occurred and if an increase in temperature is noticed then biochemical
reactions are taking place.
Lesson 2:
1. How does the composition of the Earth’s crust and living cells differ?
The Earth’s crust is mostly O, Al, Si and Fe. Living cells are mostly made with H, C, O and N. Si
and Al are not found in living matter
2. What is the function of the following organelles?
• Golgi apparatus – involved in protein assembly and secretion
• Lysosome – responsible for digestions
• Ribosome – synthesize proteins
• Mitochondria – synthesizes ATP
• Cytoskeleton – provides support and structure to the cell
3. Where are sugars and fate digested in the cell?
Sugar and fats are partially digested in the cytoplasm. Then transported to the mitochondria
where converted to ATP
4. List the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in the terms of:
• Nucleus – only present in eukaryotes
• Internal structures – only eukaryotes have organelles and an internal membrane
system
• Cytoskeleton – eukaryotes have a cytoskeleton, but prokaryotes do not although
they have some cytoskeletal proteins
• DNA organization – eukaryotic DNA in linear and packaged with histones;
prokaryotic DNA is circular and negatively supercoiled and is not associated with
histones
• Reproduction – eukaryotes perform mitosis and meiosis, but prokaryotes only
dived by binary fission
