SAIT GI/GU ACP
What organs are contained in the alimentary canal - ANS-Oral pharynx, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, SI, LI
What are the two main parts of the GI tract - ANS-Alimentary tube and the accessory organs
What does the alimentary canal protect against - ANS-Corrosive materials (stomach)
Infections
Mechanism stressors (abrasions)
6 processes of the digestive system - ANS-Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing, propulsion (voluntary, swallowing) (involuntary, peristalsis)
Digestion (mechanical- chewing/mastication) (chemical- enzymes)
Absorption
Defecation
Mastication - ANS-Chewing, swallowing
Where does absorption take place - ANS-Small intestine
What do carbs, proteins, and lipids breakdown into - ANS-Proteins- amino acids
Lipids- glycerols and fatty acids
Enzymes - Carbs- simple sugars
simple squamous cells - ANS-Permeable- Found where filtration and diffusion occurs
capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli
stratified squamous epithelium - ANS-occurs in places of high abrasion.
mouth (reason for fast healing), esophagus, vagina
,simple cuboidal epithelium - ANS-Mostly for protection, may be active or passive
Kidney tubules, ovaries, thyroid gland, and glandular ducts
stratified cuboidal epithelium - ANS-Protect the ducts and glands
sweat glands, mammary glands, cicumanal glands, and salivary glands
Columnar pseudostratified epithelium - ANS-1 layer of cells that appeared stratified throughout
but the basement membrane is touched by all cells, just the nucleus is at different levels
capable of cell division replacement
trachea and upper respiratory tract
4 layers of alimentary canal (inner most to outer most) - ANS-Mucosa
Submucosa
Musculaeia externa
Serosa
What does the mucosa layer do and contain - ANS-Protect alimentary canal and nutrient
absorption
contains Plicae circularis
What does the submucosa layer do and contain - ANS-Connective tissue that binds mucosa to
muscularis
Contains large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels and exocrine glands
What does the muscularis externa layer do and contain - ANS-Surrounds the submucosa
Circular (inner) and longitudinal layers (outer)- for peristalsis
Mesenteric plexus
Stomach has an extra layer- Oblique
What does the serosa layer do and contain - ANS-Protection for Gi tract. MOST OF Gi tract is
covered with serosa membrane
, *If it is part of the GI tract and free to move, it will be covered by serosa
*If it is rigid and fixed, it will be covered by adventitia (loose connective tissue)
4 anatomical features not covered by serosa - ANS-Esophagus, pharynx, rectum, and oral
cavity
*If it is part of the GI tract and free to move, it will be covered by serosa
*If it is rigid and fixed, it will be covered by adventitia (loose connective tissue)
Accessory organs of the GI tract - ANS-Compliment digestive system
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Three salivary glands - ANS-Sublingual
Submaxilary/submandibular
Parotid
Two Enzymes in saliva - ANS-Salivary amylase
lysozyme
Parotid gland - ANS-Releases amylase- breaks down complex carbohydrates
Largest of the salivary glands- 25% of saliva
Sublingual glands - ANS-Front and bottom of the mouth, under the tongue
5%
What organs are contained in the alimentary canal - ANS-Oral pharynx, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, SI, LI
What are the two main parts of the GI tract - ANS-Alimentary tube and the accessory organs
What does the alimentary canal protect against - ANS-Corrosive materials (stomach)
Infections
Mechanism stressors (abrasions)
6 processes of the digestive system - ANS-Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing, propulsion (voluntary, swallowing) (involuntary, peristalsis)
Digestion (mechanical- chewing/mastication) (chemical- enzymes)
Absorption
Defecation
Mastication - ANS-Chewing, swallowing
Where does absorption take place - ANS-Small intestine
What do carbs, proteins, and lipids breakdown into - ANS-Proteins- amino acids
Lipids- glycerols and fatty acids
Enzymes - Carbs- simple sugars
simple squamous cells - ANS-Permeable- Found where filtration and diffusion occurs
capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli
stratified squamous epithelium - ANS-occurs in places of high abrasion.
mouth (reason for fast healing), esophagus, vagina
,simple cuboidal epithelium - ANS-Mostly for protection, may be active or passive
Kidney tubules, ovaries, thyroid gland, and glandular ducts
stratified cuboidal epithelium - ANS-Protect the ducts and glands
sweat glands, mammary glands, cicumanal glands, and salivary glands
Columnar pseudostratified epithelium - ANS-1 layer of cells that appeared stratified throughout
but the basement membrane is touched by all cells, just the nucleus is at different levels
capable of cell division replacement
trachea and upper respiratory tract
4 layers of alimentary canal (inner most to outer most) - ANS-Mucosa
Submucosa
Musculaeia externa
Serosa
What does the mucosa layer do and contain - ANS-Protect alimentary canal and nutrient
absorption
contains Plicae circularis
What does the submucosa layer do and contain - ANS-Connective tissue that binds mucosa to
muscularis
Contains large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels and exocrine glands
What does the muscularis externa layer do and contain - ANS-Surrounds the submucosa
Circular (inner) and longitudinal layers (outer)- for peristalsis
Mesenteric plexus
Stomach has an extra layer- Oblique
What does the serosa layer do and contain - ANS-Protection for Gi tract. MOST OF Gi tract is
covered with serosa membrane
, *If it is part of the GI tract and free to move, it will be covered by serosa
*If it is rigid and fixed, it will be covered by adventitia (loose connective tissue)
4 anatomical features not covered by serosa - ANS-Esophagus, pharynx, rectum, and oral
cavity
*If it is part of the GI tract and free to move, it will be covered by serosa
*If it is rigid and fixed, it will be covered by adventitia (loose connective tissue)
Accessory organs of the GI tract - ANS-Compliment digestive system
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Three salivary glands - ANS-Sublingual
Submaxilary/submandibular
Parotid
Two Enzymes in saliva - ANS-Salivary amylase
lysozyme
Parotid gland - ANS-Releases amylase- breaks down complex carbohydrates
Largest of the salivary glands- 25% of saliva
Sublingual glands - ANS-Front and bottom of the mouth, under the tongue
5%
