PSYC 352 test 3
An important reason NOT to use the strongest manipulation possible is that it may - ANS-create
a situation grossly different from a real world situation.
An experiment can be assumed to have internal validity if - ANS-the experimenter employed
random assignment and experimental control
In an experiment that manipulates temperature of a room (warm or cold), difficulty of material
(easy, difficult); and amount of material (low, moderate, high). Which of the following statements
applies to the design of this study? - ANS-2 X 2 X 3
A researcher examined judgments of responsibility for an automobile accident by manipulating
the type of injuries received (none, mild, or severe) and the time of the accident (7 a.m., 12
p.m., 6 p.m., or 3 a.m.). How many main effects are possible in this study? - ANS-2
Which of the following physiological measures would you recommend a researcher use to
compare brain images between individuals with and without Alzheimer's disease? - ANS-MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging)
You conduct an experiment on the effect of low and high anxiety on test performance. The
results turn out nonsignificant. Now you don't know if anxiety truly has no effect on performance
or whether you had faulty procedures. How could this have been avoided? You could have
conducted a(n) - ANS-manipulation check.
A researcher is interested in factors that influence perceptions of others. She presents
participants with photographs of female super models and asks them to rate the attractiveness
of each woman. She then presents participants with photographs of women of average
attractiveness and again asks participants to rate the attractiveness of each woman.
Surprisingly, she finds that participants rate the women of average attractiveness much lower
than she expected. What effect may be responsible for the lower ratings? - ANS-contrast
Professor Smith surveys her students in order to examine their preference for an individual or a
group research project. The responses Professor Smith collects would be an example of what
type of measures? - ANS-self-report
Which of the following is not true of a 2 x 2 interaction factorial design? - ANS-there may be 2
significant main effects and 2 significant interactions
Event manipulations often involve the use of - ANS-confederates.
, Why would an investigator use more than one dependent measure? - ANS-it is useful to know if
the IV affects some measures but not others.
The strongest possible manipulation should not be used if it results in - ANS-extreme, unrealistic
situations
To make sure that participants in all conditions of an experiment are equivalent, the researcher
ma - ANS-all of these
A researcher is interested in variables that may affect an individual's driving ability. He has
people drive a course in wet, dry, or icy conditions. In addition, he has them drive a vehicle with
or without power steering, and with an automatic or a manual transmission. This design is an
example of a ______ factorial. - ANS-3 x 2 x 2
In an experimental design, if awareness of a pretest poses a problem, which of the following
would a researcher least likely to do? - ANS-tell the participant not to pay attention to the pretest
With ____, the results are analyzed as if you had separate experiments at each level of the
other independent variable, while _____ examines the effect of an independent variable
irrespective of the levels of the other independent variable. - ANS-a simple main effect; a main
effect
A manipulation in which participants are run individually versus as a group is an important
consideration regarding the _____ of the manipulation. - ANS-ethicality
A Latin Square design is used when - ANS-complete counterbalancing requires too many
conditions.
A researcher wants to examine the effect of noise level on reading comprehension. He finds that
regardless of the noise level, all participants tested received the maximum scores for their
performance. The results may be due to a _____ effect. - ANS-ceiling
It is policy in a school district to inform teachers in the fall whether any of their new students had
previously been identified as having behavior or learning problems. This policy will probably -
ANS-all of these
Research proposals are often written because they - ANS-all of these
The next three questions are based on this experiment: An investigator wanted to see whether
packaging information affects the way teenagers rate the effectiveness of soap. The same soap
was put in three packages: (a) a pink wrapper that says "For Keeping Your Skin Baby Soft," (b)
a red wrapper that says "For Eliminating Acne," and (c) a white wrapper that says nothing. Each
teenager was asked to rub his or her face with dirt and wash with soap A; the same procedure
An important reason NOT to use the strongest manipulation possible is that it may - ANS-create
a situation grossly different from a real world situation.
An experiment can be assumed to have internal validity if - ANS-the experimenter employed
random assignment and experimental control
In an experiment that manipulates temperature of a room (warm or cold), difficulty of material
(easy, difficult); and amount of material (low, moderate, high). Which of the following statements
applies to the design of this study? - ANS-2 X 2 X 3
A researcher examined judgments of responsibility for an automobile accident by manipulating
the type of injuries received (none, mild, or severe) and the time of the accident (7 a.m., 12
p.m., 6 p.m., or 3 a.m.). How many main effects are possible in this study? - ANS-2
Which of the following physiological measures would you recommend a researcher use to
compare brain images between individuals with and without Alzheimer's disease? - ANS-MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging)
You conduct an experiment on the effect of low and high anxiety on test performance. The
results turn out nonsignificant. Now you don't know if anxiety truly has no effect on performance
or whether you had faulty procedures. How could this have been avoided? You could have
conducted a(n) - ANS-manipulation check.
A researcher is interested in factors that influence perceptions of others. She presents
participants with photographs of female super models and asks them to rate the attractiveness
of each woman. She then presents participants with photographs of women of average
attractiveness and again asks participants to rate the attractiveness of each woman.
Surprisingly, she finds that participants rate the women of average attractiveness much lower
than she expected. What effect may be responsible for the lower ratings? - ANS-contrast
Professor Smith surveys her students in order to examine their preference for an individual or a
group research project. The responses Professor Smith collects would be an example of what
type of measures? - ANS-self-report
Which of the following is not true of a 2 x 2 interaction factorial design? - ANS-there may be 2
significant main effects and 2 significant interactions
Event manipulations often involve the use of - ANS-confederates.
, Why would an investigator use more than one dependent measure? - ANS-it is useful to know if
the IV affects some measures but not others.
The strongest possible manipulation should not be used if it results in - ANS-extreme, unrealistic
situations
To make sure that participants in all conditions of an experiment are equivalent, the researcher
ma - ANS-all of these
A researcher is interested in variables that may affect an individual's driving ability. He has
people drive a course in wet, dry, or icy conditions. In addition, he has them drive a vehicle with
or without power steering, and with an automatic or a manual transmission. This design is an
example of a ______ factorial. - ANS-3 x 2 x 2
In an experimental design, if awareness of a pretest poses a problem, which of the following
would a researcher least likely to do? - ANS-tell the participant not to pay attention to the pretest
With ____, the results are analyzed as if you had separate experiments at each level of the
other independent variable, while _____ examines the effect of an independent variable
irrespective of the levels of the other independent variable. - ANS-a simple main effect; a main
effect
A manipulation in which participants are run individually versus as a group is an important
consideration regarding the _____ of the manipulation. - ANS-ethicality
A Latin Square design is used when - ANS-complete counterbalancing requires too many
conditions.
A researcher wants to examine the effect of noise level on reading comprehension. He finds that
regardless of the noise level, all participants tested received the maximum scores for their
performance. The results may be due to a _____ effect. - ANS-ceiling
It is policy in a school district to inform teachers in the fall whether any of their new students had
previously been identified as having behavior or learning problems. This policy will probably -
ANS-all of these
Research proposals are often written because they - ANS-all of these
The next three questions are based on this experiment: An investigator wanted to see whether
packaging information affects the way teenagers rate the effectiveness of soap. The same soap
was put in three packages: (a) a pink wrapper that says "For Keeping Your Skin Baby Soft," (b)
a red wrapper that says "For Eliminating Acne," and (c) a white wrapper that says nothing. Each
teenager was asked to rub his or her face with dirt and wash with soap A; the same procedure
