Praxis 5005 (Science) Kathleen Jasper
Purple Book Notes and Information
Mantle - CORRECT ANSWER-Is not liquid, but ductile or plastic, which means
that some parts can flow under certain conditions and changes in pressure.
Composed mainly of aluminum and silicates
Crust - CORRECT ANSWER-The outermost solid layer of earth. It is the
lithosphere.
Core - CORRECT ANSWER-The innermost layers of the Earth. Mainly
composed of nickel and iron
Inner Core - CORRECT ANSWER-Solid. Temperatures and pressures are
extreme.
Outer Core - CORRECT ANSWER-A layer of liquid iron and nickel beneath the
mesosphere. The only layer of Earth that is a true liquid
What is the outer core made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER-Nickel and iron
Lithosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-The outermost and most rigid mechanical
layer of Earth. Includes the crust, and the top of the mantle
Biosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-The global sum of all ecosystems and living
organisms
Atmosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-The layer of gases that surround the planet
Troposphere - CORRECT ANSWER-The lowest layer of the atmosphere.
Contains weather.
Hydrosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-All the water on earth
,Cryosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-The masses of frozen water
What percentage of Nitrogen makes up the Earth's atmosphere? - CORRECT
ANSWER-78%
What percentage of Oxygen makes up the earth's atmosphere? - CORRECT
ANSWER-21%
What percentage of Argon makes up the Earth's atmosphere? - CORRECT
ANSWER-.09%
What percentage of carbon dioxide makes up the Earth's atmosphere? -
CORRECT ANSWER-.01%
What percentage of Helium and neon makes up the Earth's atmosphere? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Small traces
Geologic formations are formation made from what? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Rocks
Mountains - CORRECT ANSWER-Formed as a result of Earth's tectonic plates
smashing together
Volcanoes - CORRECT ANSWER-Formed when magma from within Earth's
upper mantle erupts through the surface
Canyons - CORRECT ANSWER-Formed by weathering and erosion caused by
the movement of rivers. Also formed by tectonic activity.
Earthquakes - CORRECT ANSWER-Usually caused when plates rub against
each other in the opposite motion, and rock underground suddenly breaks along
a fault. This sudden release of energy causes seismic waves to make the ground
shake
Ring of Fire - CORRECT ANSWER-A ring of volcanoes around the outer edge of
the Pacific Ocean.
, Seismic Waves - CORRECT ANSWER-An elastic wave caused by an
earthquake
Primary (P waves) - CORRECT ANSWER-These are the fastest of the three
types of seismic waves and can travel through solid, liquid, and gases
Secondary (S waves) - CORRECT ANSWER-Travel through the Earth's interior
at about half the speed of primary waves. Can travel through rocks, but not
liquids or gases
Surface Waves - CORRECT ANSWER-Seismic waves that move along Earth's
surface, not through its interior. Slowest of the three types of seismic waves
Tsunamis - CORRECT ANSWER-Giant waves caused by an earthquake or
volcanic eruptions under the sea
Plate Tectonics - CORRECT ANSWER-The theory that Earth's outer shell is
divided into several plates that glide over the mantle or the rocky inner layer
above the core. The plates move and separate, causing earth to separate and
change
Divergent - CORRECT ANSWER-Pulling apart
Convergent - CORRECT ANSWER-Coming together
Subduction - CORRECT ANSWER-Sideways and downward movement of the
edge of a plate into the mantle beneath another plate
Soil - CORRECT ANSWER-A mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids,
and many organisms that together support the life on Earth
Water Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-A continuous circulation of water throughout
earth and the atmosphere
Precipitation - CORRECT ANSWER-Any form of water that falls from clouds.
Rain and snow are examples of this.
Purple Book Notes and Information
Mantle - CORRECT ANSWER-Is not liquid, but ductile or plastic, which means
that some parts can flow under certain conditions and changes in pressure.
Composed mainly of aluminum and silicates
Crust - CORRECT ANSWER-The outermost solid layer of earth. It is the
lithosphere.
Core - CORRECT ANSWER-The innermost layers of the Earth. Mainly
composed of nickel and iron
Inner Core - CORRECT ANSWER-Solid. Temperatures and pressures are
extreme.
Outer Core - CORRECT ANSWER-A layer of liquid iron and nickel beneath the
mesosphere. The only layer of Earth that is a true liquid
What is the outer core made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER-Nickel and iron
Lithosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-The outermost and most rigid mechanical
layer of Earth. Includes the crust, and the top of the mantle
Biosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-The global sum of all ecosystems and living
organisms
Atmosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-The layer of gases that surround the planet
Troposphere - CORRECT ANSWER-The lowest layer of the atmosphere.
Contains weather.
Hydrosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-All the water on earth
,Cryosphere - CORRECT ANSWER-The masses of frozen water
What percentage of Nitrogen makes up the Earth's atmosphere? - CORRECT
ANSWER-78%
What percentage of Oxygen makes up the earth's atmosphere? - CORRECT
ANSWER-21%
What percentage of Argon makes up the Earth's atmosphere? - CORRECT
ANSWER-.09%
What percentage of carbon dioxide makes up the Earth's atmosphere? -
CORRECT ANSWER-.01%
What percentage of Helium and neon makes up the Earth's atmosphere? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Small traces
Geologic formations are formation made from what? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Rocks
Mountains - CORRECT ANSWER-Formed as a result of Earth's tectonic plates
smashing together
Volcanoes - CORRECT ANSWER-Formed when magma from within Earth's
upper mantle erupts through the surface
Canyons - CORRECT ANSWER-Formed by weathering and erosion caused by
the movement of rivers. Also formed by tectonic activity.
Earthquakes - CORRECT ANSWER-Usually caused when plates rub against
each other in the opposite motion, and rock underground suddenly breaks along
a fault. This sudden release of energy causes seismic waves to make the ground
shake
Ring of Fire - CORRECT ANSWER-A ring of volcanoes around the outer edge of
the Pacific Ocean.
, Seismic Waves - CORRECT ANSWER-An elastic wave caused by an
earthquake
Primary (P waves) - CORRECT ANSWER-These are the fastest of the three
types of seismic waves and can travel through solid, liquid, and gases
Secondary (S waves) - CORRECT ANSWER-Travel through the Earth's interior
at about half the speed of primary waves. Can travel through rocks, but not
liquids or gases
Surface Waves - CORRECT ANSWER-Seismic waves that move along Earth's
surface, not through its interior. Slowest of the three types of seismic waves
Tsunamis - CORRECT ANSWER-Giant waves caused by an earthquake or
volcanic eruptions under the sea
Plate Tectonics - CORRECT ANSWER-The theory that Earth's outer shell is
divided into several plates that glide over the mantle or the rocky inner layer
above the core. The plates move and separate, causing earth to separate and
change
Divergent - CORRECT ANSWER-Pulling apart
Convergent - CORRECT ANSWER-Coming together
Subduction - CORRECT ANSWER-Sideways and downward movement of the
edge of a plate into the mantle beneath another plate
Soil - CORRECT ANSWER-A mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids,
and many organisms that together support the life on Earth
Water Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER-A continuous circulation of water throughout
earth and the atmosphere
Precipitation - CORRECT ANSWER-Any form of water that falls from clouds.
Rain and snow are examples of this.
