Topic 1 : Sports Science
1.2 Muscular system - correct answer-
Analyse the ankle joint movement at take-off when rebounding in basketball in relation tojoint
action and type of muscle contraction - correct answer-Joint action:plantar flexion
Type of muscle contraction: contracts concentrically
Analyse the contraction of skeletal muscle after the release of calcium ions from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum. - correct answer--calcium binds to troponin
-cross-bridges are formed with myosin binding with actin
-ATP binds to myosin heads causing them to detach from binding sites
-ATP is broken down so that the myosin head can re cock to new position
-myosin then reattaches to a new active site further along the actin filament
-sarcomere shortens
Apply four components of fitness to the movement of a basketball player - correct
answer--speed eg required to attack the opposition's basket quickly;
-power eg is required to jump up to shoot above a defender's reach
-agility eg is required to change direction quickly when defending a player on the ball;
-balance eg is required when landing from a rebound
Define the term origin of a muscle - correct answer-attachment of a muscle tendon to a
stationary bone
Describe how circulating hormone levels are regulated - correct answer--regulated by
signaling from the nervous system
-regulated by the chemical changes in the blood
Describe the functions of ligaments and tendons in a joint such as the knee joint - correct
answer-tendons connect muscles to bones
ligaments connect bones to bones
Describe the pathway of the electrical impulse during excitation of the heart muscle - correct
answer--SA node initiates electrical impulse
-impulse travels across the atria walls
-impulse arrives at the AV node
-impulse passes from the AV node down to the bundle of His
Describe the process of oxygen exchange between the lungs and pulmonary capillaries at
rest - correct answer--Gases move from a high to low partial pressure
-Gases diffuse across the membranes into blood
-The capillary and alveoli walls are 1 cell thick
-A large surface area increases diffusion rate
, Describe the production of ATP from fatty acids - correct answer--fatty acids are broken
down by beta oxidation;
-catabolised into acetyl CoA;
-acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle;
-electrons are released from the Krebs cycle and beta oxidation into the electron transport
chain
Describe the role of the cerebellum during the performance of a dance routine - correct
answer-maintains balance
coordinates eye movements
helps the body learn motor skills
Describe the structural features of the hiker's femurs - correct answer-diaphysis: femur
compact bone: solid bone structure
epiphysis: femur
spongy bone: honeycombed in appearance
bone marrow: in spongy bone
periosteum:outer skin of bone
Discuss the increased maximal oxygen consumption of athletes after a period of endurance
training - correct answer--endurance training results in increased stroke volume
-therefore increase in cardiac output
-endurance training results in increased capillarization of muscle
-therefore increased delivery of blood flow to working muscles
Distinguish between health-related and performance-related components of fitness. - correct
answer-Health related:
-components required to meet the demands of everyday life
Performance related:
-components required to execute desired skills with success during a sport activity
Distinguish between maximal oxygen consumption during cycling and arm ergometry. -
correct answer-cycling produces higher maximal oxygen consumption values than arm
ergometry
Distinguish how cardiac output, stroke volume and resting heart rate would differ between
trained and untrained women during exercise - correct answer-untrained:
stroke volume: lower
resting heart rate: higher
cardiac output : lower
Trained:
stroke volume:higher
resting heart rate:lower
cardiac output :higher
1.2 Muscular system - correct answer-
Analyse the ankle joint movement at take-off when rebounding in basketball in relation tojoint
action and type of muscle contraction - correct answer-Joint action:plantar flexion
Type of muscle contraction: contracts concentrically
Analyse the contraction of skeletal muscle after the release of calcium ions from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum. - correct answer--calcium binds to troponin
-cross-bridges are formed with myosin binding with actin
-ATP binds to myosin heads causing them to detach from binding sites
-ATP is broken down so that the myosin head can re cock to new position
-myosin then reattaches to a new active site further along the actin filament
-sarcomere shortens
Apply four components of fitness to the movement of a basketball player - correct
answer--speed eg required to attack the opposition's basket quickly;
-power eg is required to jump up to shoot above a defender's reach
-agility eg is required to change direction quickly when defending a player on the ball;
-balance eg is required when landing from a rebound
Define the term origin of a muscle - correct answer-attachment of a muscle tendon to a
stationary bone
Describe how circulating hormone levels are regulated - correct answer--regulated by
signaling from the nervous system
-regulated by the chemical changes in the blood
Describe the functions of ligaments and tendons in a joint such as the knee joint - correct
answer-tendons connect muscles to bones
ligaments connect bones to bones
Describe the pathway of the electrical impulse during excitation of the heart muscle - correct
answer--SA node initiates electrical impulse
-impulse travels across the atria walls
-impulse arrives at the AV node
-impulse passes from the AV node down to the bundle of His
Describe the process of oxygen exchange between the lungs and pulmonary capillaries at
rest - correct answer--Gases move from a high to low partial pressure
-Gases diffuse across the membranes into blood
-The capillary and alveoli walls are 1 cell thick
-A large surface area increases diffusion rate
, Describe the production of ATP from fatty acids - correct answer--fatty acids are broken
down by beta oxidation;
-catabolised into acetyl CoA;
-acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle;
-electrons are released from the Krebs cycle and beta oxidation into the electron transport
chain
Describe the role of the cerebellum during the performance of a dance routine - correct
answer-maintains balance
coordinates eye movements
helps the body learn motor skills
Describe the structural features of the hiker's femurs - correct answer-diaphysis: femur
compact bone: solid bone structure
epiphysis: femur
spongy bone: honeycombed in appearance
bone marrow: in spongy bone
periosteum:outer skin of bone
Discuss the increased maximal oxygen consumption of athletes after a period of endurance
training - correct answer--endurance training results in increased stroke volume
-therefore increase in cardiac output
-endurance training results in increased capillarization of muscle
-therefore increased delivery of blood flow to working muscles
Distinguish between health-related and performance-related components of fitness. - correct
answer-Health related:
-components required to meet the demands of everyday life
Performance related:
-components required to execute desired skills with success during a sport activity
Distinguish between maximal oxygen consumption during cycling and arm ergometry. -
correct answer-cycling produces higher maximal oxygen consumption values than arm
ergometry
Distinguish how cardiac output, stroke volume and resting heart rate would differ between
trained and untrained women during exercise - correct answer-untrained:
stroke volume: lower
resting heart rate: higher
cardiac output : lower
Trained:
stroke volume:higher
resting heart rate:lower
cardiac output :higher
