Microbiology Mcqs Questions With Complete Solutions.

Microbiology Mcqs Questions With Complete Solutions. Activated zmacrophages zare zrequired zin zelimination zof zinfections zcaused zby a) zintracelular zbacteria b) zextracelular zmicrobes c) zboth zabove zmentioned d) znothing zof zabove zmentioned z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Antibodies zof zwhich zof zmentioned zclasses zcross zplacental zbarriere a) zIgG b) zIgM c) zIgA d) zIgD z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a The znumber zof zpolypeptid zchains zis zthe zhighest zin zthe zmolecule zof a) zIgG b) zIgM c) zIgE d) zIgD z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Complement zfixation zreaction z(CFR) a) zis zthe zreaction zduring zwhich zthe zcomplement zcascade zis zactivated b) zis zreaction zto zmeasure zthe zconcentration zof zthe zcomplement zin zthe zserum zof zthe zpatient c) zis zserological zreaction zto zdetect zantibodies z d) zis zreaction zin zvitro zto zdetermine zthe zlevel zof zactivated zcomplement z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Virulence zof zthe zmicrobe zwith zthe zLD z50 z= z1 zx z103 z a) zis zlower zthan zthat zof zthe zmicrobe zwith zthe zLD z50 z= z1 zx z10 z5 b) zis zhigher zthan zthat zof zthe zmicrobe zwith zthe zLD z50 z= z1 zx z10 z5 c) zis znot zdetermined zby zthis zformule d) zmeans zthat zindicated znumber zof zmicrobes zkills z50 zof z1000 zexposed z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Time zperiod zbetween zexposition zand zclinical zsigns zis zin zhypersensitivity zof zthe ztype zI a) zshorter zthan zin zhypersensitivite zof zthe ztype zIV b) zlonger zthan zin zthe zhypersensitivity zof zthe ztype zIV c) zequal zas zin zhypersensitivity zof zthe ztype zIV d) zcannot zbe zcompare zwith zthe ztime zperiod zin zhypersensitivity zof zthe ztype zIV z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Antibodies zare zrequired zfor zthe zpresentation zof zclinical zsigns zin zthe zhypersensitivity zof zthe ztype z(types): z a) zI zand zIV b) zall zfour ztypes z c) zI, zII zand zIII d) zonly ztype ztype zI z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Endotoxin z: a) zIs zvery zimmunogenic b) zStimulates zthe zproduction zof zprecipiting zantibodies c) zIs za zpart zof zGram znegative zcell zwall d) zIs zthe zcause zof zsepses z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Antitoxin z a) zIs zantibody zagainst ztoxin b) zIs ztoxin zdeprived zof zthe ztoxicity c) zIs zimmunogenicity zdeprived ztoxin d) zMeans zthe zsame zas ztoxoid z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Immunoglobulins zwith zmonomeric zstructure z(1 zpolypeptid zchain) zare: a) zIgG, zIgE, zIgD b) zIgG, zIgA, zIgD, zIgE c) zIgM, zIgA, z d) zIgG, zIgE z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Capsule zin zencapsulated zstrains zof zHaemophilus zinfluenzae, zStreptococcus zpneumoniae zand zNeisseria zmeningitidis zis zthe ztool zof a) zpathogenity b) zvirulence c) zimmunity d) zinfecion z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Exotoxin zof zClostridium zbotulinum zis zthe ztool zof: a) zpathogenity b) zvirulence c) zimmunity d) zinfection z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a . zHumoral zimmunity zhas zthe zcrucial zrole zin zprotection zagainst a) zdiphtheria b) ztuberculosis c) zAIDS d) zSkin zmycoses z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Humoral zimmunity zhas zthe zcrucial zrole zin zprotection zagainst a) zdiphtheria b) ztuberculosis c) zAIDS d) zSkin zmycoses z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Against zfacultative zpathogens zwe zare zprotected zmainly zby a) zTools zof znonspecific zimmunity b) zTools zof zspecific zhumoral zimmunity c) zTools zof zspecific zcell zimmunity d) zT zhelper zlymfocytes z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Penicilin zantibiotics zare zthe zless ztoxic zbecause a) zThey zare zproducts zof zfungi b) zThey zhave za zvery zsimple zchemical zstructure c) zCannot zcross zthe zintestinal zmucouse zmembrane d) zAre zactive zon zstructure zthat zare zsituated zat zthe zlevel zof zbacterial zcell zwal z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Invasive zdisease zis a) zbacterial zmeningitis zcaused zby zencapsulated zstrain b) zskin zabscess zdysenteria c) zdiphtheria z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Which zof zthe zmentioned zposibilities zindicates zthe ztitre zof zantibodies a) z1:160 b) z160 c) z116o d) z1x160 z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Which zway zof zwriting zthe zname zof zbacteria zis zscientifically zand zformaly zcorrect z(e.g. zin zyour zbook zof zmicrobiology) z a) zStaphylococcus zaureus z(in zitalics) b) zStaphylococcus zAureus c) zStaphylococcus zaureus z d) zStaphylococcus zAureus z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Cell zwall zof zGram zpositive zbacteria zcontains z a) zpeptidoglycan b) zchitin c) zcelulose d) zcholesterol z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Which zof zmentioned zstructure zis znot za zpart zof zGram zpositive zbacteria zcell zwall a) zlipopolysaccharid b) zpeptidolycan c) zteichooic zacid d) zN zacetyl zmuramic zacid z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Microorganism zthat zcan zgrow zin zthe zpresence zas zwell zas zin zthe zabsence zof zmolecular zoxygen zis a) zobligatory zanaerobic b) zobligatory zaerobic c) zfacultatively zanaerobic d) zfacultatively zaerobic z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c . zThe zplace zof zproteosyntesis zin zthe zbakcterial zcell zis a) zribosome b) zplasmatic zmembrane c) znucleoid d) zmitochondriae z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Transmission zof zgenetic zinformation zbetween zbacterial zcells z(tence zto zATB) zby zbacteriophage zis znamed a) ztransduction b) ztranslation c) zconjugation d) zinsertion z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Conjugation zis zthe zprocess zof ztransmission zof zgenetic zinformation zvia a) zfimbria b) zpillus c) zflagella d) zcontact zof zplasmatic zmembrane z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b The zfirst zanti zstaphylococcal zantibiotic, zthat zis zstill zefficient zto zmost zstrains zof zStaphylococcus zaureus zbut zif zloosing zthe zefficiency, zsuch za zresistent zstrain zcan zbecome zimportant zepidemiological zproblem zmostly zin zhospital zis a) zoxacilin z(methicilin) b) ztetracyclin c) zerytromycin d) zchloramphenicol z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a The zmost zcommon ztype zof zresistence zto zpenicilin zantibiotics zis z a) zproduction zof zinactivating zensymes b) zchanges zin zpermeability zof zthe zcell zwall c) zchanges zin zreceptors zfor zATB d) zefflux zof zantibiotic zfrom zthe zcell z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a The ztherapy zof zzoonoses zcaused zby zGram znegative zintracellular zbacteria zcan zbe zefficient zif ztreated zby z a) ztetracyclin b) zpenicilin c) zoxacilin d) zerytromycin z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a . zTherapy zwith zantituberculotics zstarts z a) zonly zafter zthe zstrain zis zlaboratory ztested zfor zsusceptibility b) zonly zin zseriouse zcases c) zonly zwhen zMIC zwas ztested d) zusually zwith zthe zcombination zof z2 zor z3 zantibiotics zaccording zto zempiric zsusceptibility zresults z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Helmintology zis zabout z a) zall zparasites b) zworms c) zprotosoa d) zspiral zmicrobes z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Vaccinology zagainst zthe zrage zwas zdiscovered zand zused zfor zthe zfirst ztime zby a) zLouis zPasteur b) zRobert zKoch c) zAnthony zvan zLoowenhoek d) zNone zof zthem z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Virulence zof zmicrobes zduring zthe zcultivation zon zartificial zmedia a) zincreases b) zdecreases c) zdoes znot zchange z d) zchanges zin zthe zexponential zway z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Detection zof zthe zmotility zof zbacteria zis znot zpossible zby a) znative zsmear b) zon zblood zagar c) zin zGram zstained zsmear d) zin zU ztube zwith zagar z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c . zPlasmatic zmembrane zof zfungi zcontains a) zergosterol b) zchitin c) zsafranin d) zcholesterol z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Stainig zfor zvisualisation zof zMycobycterium ztuberculosis zin zmicroscopic zsmear zis znamed zafter a) zAlbert b) zBurri c) zZiehl zNeelsen d) zGram z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Ability zof zmicroorganism zto zproduce zthe zdisease zis zcalled a) zpathogenity b) zresistance c) zvirulence d) zinfectiousity z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Autoimmunity z a) zis zcharacterised zby zproduction zof zantibodies zagainst zstructures zof zown zbody z b) zis zprovocated zby zvaccination c) zis zcharacterised zby zthe zreaction zof zcells zagainst zautonomous znerve zsystem d) zis zcharacterised zby zpresence zof zantibodies zagainst zantibiotics z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Pure zmicrobial zculture zmeans z a) zisolated zcolonies zof zseveral zbacterial zspecies b) zcolonies zof zonly zone zbacterial zspecies zor ztype c) zbacteria zthat zgrow zfrom zone zCFU z- zcolony zforming zunit d) zsterile zmedia zafter zcultivation zof zthe zsample z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Streptococci zcultivated zin zliquid zmedia zcan zbe zseen zin zthe zmicroscopic zsmear z a) zas zcocci zarranged zin ztetrades z b) zas zcocci zarranged zin zchains c) zas zcocci zarranged zin zcusters d) zbig zround zmoving zformes zarranged zin zregular zpictures z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Methicilin zresistent zstrain zof zStaphylococcus zaureus z(MRSA) a) zis zthe zstrain zsusceptible zto zoxacilin b) zis zthe zstrain zsusceptible zto zpenicilín z c) zcan zbe zkilled zby zvancomycin z d) zis zthe zstrain zresistant zto zmeticilin zbut zsusceptible zto zother zbeta zlactams z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Gram zstaining zreflects zin zbacteria a) zdifferences zin zthe zcell zwall zstructure b) zdifferences zin zbacterial zmetabolism c) zdifferences zin zthe zbacterial zplasmatic zmembrane d) zpresence zor zabsence zof znucleus z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a . zIn zvirology zthe zviruses zcannot zbe zmultiplied zon: a) zblood zagar b) zin zchicken zfetus c) zin zlaboratory zanimal zmodels d) zcell zcultures z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a . zInfectious zmaterial ztaken zin zcase zof zsuspect zN. zgonorrhoeae zshould zbe ztransported zto zthe zlaboratory z a) zon zdray zswab zand zfrozen b) zin ztransport zmedium zat z+ z4 zdg.C c) zon zhumid zswab zon zdry zice d) zin ztransport zmedium zat zroom ztemperature z(+22 z- z25 zdg.C) z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d . zCerebrospinal zfluid zis ztaken a) zstrictly zaseptically zby zlumbar zpunction zor zsuboccipital zpunction b) zstrictly zaseptically zwith zthe zhelp zof zswab c) zform zthe zcubital zvein d) zfrom zthe zfrontal zvein z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Blood zfor zhaemocultivation zis ztaken z a) zto zspecial zsterile zvial zwith zanticoagulation zmaterial b) zto zspecial zsterile zvial zwithout zanticoagulation zmaterial z c) zlike zserum d) zall zpossibilities zare zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer. Which zof zbacteria zis zgram zpositive zspores zforming a) zEscherichia zcoli b) zBacillus zantracis c) zCorynebacterium zdiphtheria d) zCandida zalbicans z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Serotypisation zis a) zagglutination zreaction z b) zprecipitation zreaction z c) zis znot zagglutination zreaction d) zis zcomplement zfixation zreaction z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Jaundice zis zthe zmedical zterm zfor a) zThe zdisease zcaused zby zhepatitis zA zvirus zand zhepatitis zB zvirus b) zTranslation zof zthe zterm zicterus z- zthe zsign zappearing zby zyellow zcolour zof zskin, zmucous zmembrane zand zsclera c) zInflamation zof zhepar zthat zcan zbe zcaused zby zdifferent zmicrobes z(bacteria, zviruses, zparasits, zfungí) d) zDisease zof zskin z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b . zClostridium ztetaní zcauses zthe zdisease ztetanus z: a) zBy ztoxin zproduced zby zvegetative zcells zthat zgerminate zfrom zspores zcontaminating zthe zwound b) zAfter zthe zbiting zof zannimal zthat zhas ztetanus c) zBy zspores d) zBy zproducing zthe znecrosis z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Ethiological zagens zof zinfluenza z(flu) zis: a) zRNA zvirus zwith zneuraminidase b) zDNA zvírus zwith zneuraminidase c) zHaemophilus zinfluenzae d) zAny zvirus zinfecting zupper zrespiratory ztract z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a . zInfectious zmononucleosis zis a) zThe zdisease zcaused zby zEBV zwith zclinical zsigns zof ztonsilitis zwith zhepatitis zand zspecific zmononuclears zin zblood zsmear b) zThe zdisease zcaused zby zCMV zwith zclinical zsigns zpresented zon zfetus c) ztonsilitis d) ztonsilitis zwith zexantema z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a How zcan zyou zperform zthe zanaerobic zsampling a) ztaking zthe zsample zon zthe zdry zswab, zthat zwill zbe zposed zto zthe zplastic zbag b) ztaking zthe zbioptic zsample, zthat zwill zbe zposed zto zthe zvial c) zaspirating zthe zsample zto zthe zsyringe zand zhermetically zclose zit z d) zstrictly zanaerobic zsampling zcannot zbe zrealised z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Vaccination zcan zprevent zhepatitis zof zthe ztype z(types): a) zA zand zB b) zB, zD zand zC c) zC, zA zand zB d) zA, zB zand zD z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d When zbacterial zpneumonia zis zsuspected zwe ztake za zsample zof a) zSwab zfrom zthroat zand zblood b) zLung zexpectorated zsecretion z(sputum), zand z/or zaspirated zmaterial zfrom zlung c) zSaliva zand zblood d) zThroat zand znose zswab z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Enveloped zviruses z a) zAre zsensitive zto zoutside zconditions b) zProduces zdiseases ztransmissible zvia zdirect zcontact c) zAre zviruses zthat zhave zpolysaccharide zcapsule d) zAre zless zsensitive zto zoutside zconditions z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Staining zmethod zaccording zZiehl zNeelsen zis znot zuseful zfor zvisualisation zof a) zethiological zagent zof zpeste b) zMycobacterium zbovis z c) zMycobacterium ztuberculosis d) zMycoplasma zhominis z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Viruses zcan zmultiply z a) zextracelularly zonly b) zin zliving zcells c) zonly zon zmedia zwith zblood z d) zon zthe zsurface zof zmucouse zmembrane zin zthe zliving zorganism z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Anaerobic zenvironment zin zlaboratory zconditions zcan zbe zproduced a) zonly zby zbiological zmethod zthat zuse zoxygen zconsumpting zmicrobes b) zby zphysical, zchemical, zbiological zmethods zor zby zsubmerge zcultivation z(deep zin zthick zagar) c) zonly zby zchemical zmethod zwith zthe zuse zof zpyrogalol d) zstrictly zanaerobic zconditions zcannot zbe zproduced zin zthe zlaboratory z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Fc zfragment zof zIgG zbinds a) zprotein zA zof zStaphylococcus zaureus b) zProteín zM zof zStreptococcus zpneumoniae c) zPolysaccharide zcapsule zof zHaemophilus zinfluenzae d) zProtein zcapsule zof zBacillus zantracis z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Number zof zH zantigens zis zthe zhighest zin a) zStreptococcus zpneumoniae b) zProteus zmirabilis c) zKlebsiella zpneumoniae d) zHaemophilus zinfluenzae z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b The zrole zof zhumoral zimmunity zis zcrucial zin zimmunity zagainst zinfections zcaused zby a) zBrucella zspecies z b) zMycobacterium ztuberculosis c) zStreptococcus zpneumoniae d) zRhinoviruses z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Staphylococcus zaureus zis zon zthe zskin zthe zcause zof a) zpyogenic zand zusually zlocalised zinfection z(abscess) b) zspreading zinflammation zof zsubcutaneous zspace z(flegmona) c) zinfectious zexanthema d) zno zanswer zis zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Aseptic zmeningitis zmeans a) zpyogenic zinflamation zof zbrain b) znon zpyogenic zusually zviral zinfection zof zbrain zsoft zenvelopes c) znon zpyogenic zinflammation zof zbrain d) zany ztype zof zbrain zsoft zenvelopes zdisease z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Direct zproof zof zinfectious zdisease zcannot zbe zdone zby a) zvisualisation zof zetiological zagens zby zmicroscopy z b) zdetection zof zantibody zproduction c) zdetection zof zmicrobial zantigen zby zlatex zagglutination d) zcultivation z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d SARS zis a) zRNA zvirus z- zcoronavirus b) zDNA zvirus z- zcoronavirus c) zDNA zvírus z- zpneumovirus d) zRNA zvirus z- zrhinovirus z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Several zviruses zof zhaemorhagic zfevers zare zmember zof zthe zgroup zof a) zarenaviruses b) zpolioviruses c) zherpetic zviruses d) zmembers zof zall zabove zmentioned zgroups z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a The zvaccination zagainst zrubeolla z(child zexantematouse zdisease zcaused zby z zrubeolla zvirus, ztogavirus) zis zorganized zbecause a) zvirus zcauses zthe zlethal zdisease zin zmore zthan z30% zof zill b) zvirus zproduces zthe zpersistent zinfection c) zvirus zhas zterratogenic zpotential d) zthere zis znot zvaccination zavailable zagainst zthis zvirus z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c For zEnterobacteriacea zis ztrue zthat: z a) zThey zare zGram znegative zrods b) zAll zof zthem zare zencapsulated c) zAll zof zthem zare zsensitive zto zpenicilin d) zAll zof zthem zproduce zonly zlocalized zdiseases z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a The zreason zof zinfection zwith zencapsulated zstrains zof zbacteria z(Streptococcus zpneumoniae, zNeisseria zmeningitidis, zHaemophislus zinfluenzae) zin zage zgroup zof z6 zmonths z- z3 zyears zis z a) zPolysaccharide zcapsule b) zImmature zimmunity c) zPoor zimmunogenity zof zpolysaccharide zantigens d) zCooperation zof za, zb, zc z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Typically zin zGram zstained zmicroscopical zsmear zof zdischarge zin zgonococcal zinfection zwe zcan zfind a) zmonocytes b) zpolymorfonucler zleucocytes c) zGram znegative zdiplococci zonly d) zgramnegative zdiplococci zand zPMNL z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Which zof zthe zfollowing zcan zbe zdescribed zas zbeta zhemolytic zstreprococci a) zStreptococcus zpyogenes, zStreptococcus zagalactiae b) zStreptococcus zpyogenes, zStreptococcus zagalactiae, zStreptococcus zpneumoniae c) zStreptococcus zaureus d) zStreptococcus zpyogenes z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b CRP zis a) zA zpart zof zcell zwall zof zStreptococcus zpneumoniae z- zcalled zthe zC zsubstance b) zA zpart zof zglobulin zfraction zof zhuman zserum zthat zmakes zprecipitation zwith zC zsubstance zof zStreptococcus zpneumoniae z c) zIts zconcentration zincreases zonly zduring zthe zacute zinfection zcaused zby zStreptococcus zpneumoniae d) zIts zconcentration zincreases zin zserum zduring zany zkind zof zinflamation z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Gardnerella zvaginalis a) zIs zcommonly zpresent zon zmucous zmembrane zof zvagina zof zadult zwomen ztogether zwith zlactobacilli zand zother zbakcteria zof zvaginal zmicroflora b) zIs zpresent zduring zthe zvaginoses zon zthe zmucous zmembrane zof zvagina zof zadult zwomen zafter zthe zdisappearance zof zphysiological zflora c) zis zGram znegative zrod zwith zthe zstructure zof zcell zwall zsimilar zto zthat zof zgram zpositive zcells, zwithou zcapsule zand znon zmotile d) zall zstatements zare ztrue z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Etiological zagens zof zsalmoneloses z- zthe zdisease zof zintestinal ztract ztransmissible zfrom zannimal zsource zis a) zSalmonella ztyphí b) zOne zof z1500 zbacteria zof zthe zgenus zsalmonella zwith zsimilar zbiochemical zcharacteristics zthat zdiffers zonly zin zantigenic zstructure c) zSalmonella zparatyphi d) zSalmonella zdysenteriae z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Yersinia zpestis, zYersinia zpseudotuberculosis za zYersinia zenterocolitica zare z a) zEtiological zagens zof zpeste b) zGram znegative zrods c) zCause zsever zdiarrhoae d) zCause zchronical zdisease zof zterminal zileum z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b One zof zthe zmost zimportant zcharacteristic zof zProteus zvulgaris zin zpathogenesis z zof zurinary ztract zinfection zis: a) zproduction zof zurease b) zmotility c) ztoxicity zof zurease zto zmucous zmembrane d) zall zstatements zare zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Campylobacter zjejuni zcan zbe zdescribed zas zbacterium zthat a) zproduces zgastroenteritis zwith zfever zand zblood zin zstool b) zneed zmicroaerofilic zenvironment zand ztemperature z42 zdg.C zfor zcultivation c) zcan zcontaminate zmeat d) zall zstatements zare ztrue z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Diagnostic zproof zof zLegionella zpneumophila zis zpossible a) zonly zby zfluorescence zwith zlabelled zantibodies b) zis zmost zquickly zperformed zon zthe zmedia zwith zcystein c) zis zmost zspecifically zperformed zfrom zsputum zby zlatex zagglutination d) zcan zbe zdiagnosed zalso zserologically z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Rabitt zdisease zis zcaused zby a) zFrancisella ztularensis b) zBrucella zmelitensis c) zPasteurella zmultocida d) zBordetella zbronchiseptica z- z z z zcorrect zanswer. Etiological zagens zof zthe zdiseases zBang zdisease, zmaltesian zfever, zundulating zfever zis zthe zbacterium zfrom zthe zgenus a) zBrucella b) zBordetella c) zFrancisella d) zPasteurella z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a . zEnveloped zviruses a) zare zvery zsensitive zto zexternal zconditions z( zthey zcannot zsurvive zin zGIT) b) zrequires zhumidity zduring zthe zspread z(they zsurvive zin zbig zdroplets) c) zthey zare zreleased zform zthe zcell zby zbuddig zand zlysis zof zthe zhost zcell zand z zstimulate zcell zimmunity z zd) zall zstatements zare ztrue z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Virus zlooses zits zinfectiosity zduring zreplication zin zthe zphase zof a) zeclipsia z- zfrom zuncoating zof zthe zgenome zto zappearance zof znew zvirions b) zin zthe zphase zof zlatency c) zbetween zuncoating zand zreleasing zof zvirions d) zvirus zis zinfectious zduring zthe zperiod zof zreplication z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a . zDNA zviruses zare a) zparvovirus, zpolyomaviruses, zvacuolisating zvirus, zadenoviruses, zherpesviruses, zpoxviruses b) zparamyxoviruses, zorthomyxoviruses, zcoronaviruses, zrhabdoviruses, zreoviruses, zpicornaviruses c) zretroviruses, ztogaviruses, zflaviviruses, zfiloviruses, zarenaviruses d) zarboviruses, zHIV z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a polioviruses, zECHO zviruses, zcoxackie zviruses, zhepatitis zA zvirus zare a) zenteroviruses b) zDNA zviruses c) zEnveloped zviruses d) zdsRNA zviruses z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a RNAviruses, zinfecting zupper zrespiratory ztract zmucous zmembrane zwith zoptimal ztemperature zfor zreplicaltion z+33 zdg.C, zreleasing zhistamine zand zexisting zin zmore zthan z100 zserotypes zand zstimulating zonly zlocal zimmunity zare a) zorthomyxoviruses b) zrhinoviruses c) zparamyxoviruses d) zreoviruses z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Pandemic zstrain zof zinfluenza zvirus zappears z a) zafter zrecombination zof zstrains z(antigenic zshift) b) zafter zconjugation zof z2 zstrains c) zis zthe zcause zof zevery zyear zflu zepidemy d) zonla zin ztype zB zflu zviruses z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Tissue zdamage zduring zRSV zinfection z(production zof zsyncitia zand znecrosis) zis z a) zimmunologically zbased z b) zallergy zbased c) zcell zmediated zhypersensitivity zof ztype zIV zbased d) zcirculating zimmunocomplexes zbased z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Which zstatement zis ztrue zfor zrabies zvirus a) zit zis zenveloped zvirus b) zthe ztherapy zof zthe zdisease zcaused zby zit zis zsafe zand zusually zsuccessful c) zit zspreads zvia zblood d) zvaccination zis zrequired zonly zin zcases zwith zsever zinjuries zcaused zby zrage zannimal zin zthe zregion zof zthe zface z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a . zEpstein zBarr zvirus zcontain zantigens: a) zVCA, zEBNA, zEA b) zVCA zand zEA c) zEBNA zand zEA d) zVCA z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Paul zBunell zreaction, zErickson zOCH ztest za zIM ztest zare zused zto zdetect a) zheterofil zantibodies zduring zinfectious zmononucleosis b) zhomofil zantibodies zduring zinfectious zmononucleosis c) ztermofil zantibodies zduring zinfectious zmononucleosis d) zpsychrofil zantibodies zduring zinfectious zmononuclesis z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Virion zis a) zinfectious zpiece zof zRNA b) zcomplete zinfectious zpart zof zvirus c) zenvelope zwithout znucleic zacid d) znucleic zacid zwithout zcapsid z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Example zof zchronic zviral zinfection zis a) zcancer b) zhepatitis ztype zB c) zsmall zpox d) zherpes zlabialis z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b What ztype zof zchanges zaround zthe zcolonies zof zStreptococcus zpyogenes zcan zbe zdetected zon zblood zagar: a) zα zhemolysis b) zβ zhemolysis c) zγ zhemolysis d) zmilky zcolorisation z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Infectious zmaterial zsampled zfrom za zpatient zsuspect zto zhave zbacterial zmeningitis zshould zbe ztransfered zto zthe zlaboratory: a) zon zdry zice z b) zin ztransport zmedium zat zthe ztemperature z+ z4°C c) zon zhumid zswab zon zice d) zin ztransport zmediumat zroom ztemperature zor zat z+ z37°C z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Which zof zthe zfollowing zrequirements zcorrespond zto zthe zcorrect zsampling: a) zthe ztypical zpart zof zinfection zshould zbe zsampled b) zthe zsampling zshould zbe zperformed zbefore zthe ztherapy zstarted c) zall zanswers zare zcorrect d) zmaterial zshould zbe zcorrectly zlabeled zand ztaken zaseptically z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Haemophilus zinfluenzae zrequires zfor zits zgrowth zon zartificial zmedium: a) zOnly zX zfactor z(hemin) b) zOnly zV zfactor z(NAD) c) zfactor zX z(hemin) zand zfactor zV z(NAD) d) zpresence zof zlatex z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c For zNeisseria zmeningitis zwhich zof zthe zstatement zis znot ztrue: z a) zIt zis zgram znegative zencapsulated zdiplococcus b) zIt zcan zbe ztransmitted zvia zair zdroplets c) zIt zcauses zpyogenic zmeningitis d) zThere zis znot zavailable zvaccine z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a For zStaphylococcus zaureus zand zStaphylococcus zepidermidis zis ztrue zthe zstatement zthat: a) zThey zcan zbe zdifferentiate zonly zmicroscopically zin zGram zstained zsmear b) zThey zcan zbe zdifferentiated zby zthe zdetection zof zfree zor zbound zplasmacoagulase c) zNone zof zthem zhas zcatalase zactivity d) zThey zcannot zbe zdifferentiated zby zbiochemical ztests z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b For zCorynebacterium zdiphtheriae zis ztrue zone zof zthe zfollowing zstatements: a) zIt zis zetiological zagens zof zwhooping zcought b) zIt zgains zthe zpossibility zto zproduce zthe ztoxin zby zlszogenic zconversion zvia zbacteriophage zand zcauses zthe zsever zdisease z c) zIt zis za zsporulating zrod d) zIn zclinical zpictures zthe zmost zstriking zsymptoms zare zfrom zgastrointestinal ztract z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Bacterial zcapsule zof zKlebsiella zpneumoniae zcan zbe zvisualised zin zfixed zsmear zaccording zto: a) zBurri b) zGram c) zZiehl-Neelsena d) zAlberta z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b For zbacterium zBordetella zpertussis zwhich zof zthe zstatement zis ztrue: a) zIt zis zcultivation zfastidious zgram znegative znon zmotil zbacterium zthat zcauses zwhooping zcought b) zIt zproduces ztoxin zthat zis zactivated zby zlysogenic zconversion c) zIt zis zeasily zcultivated zon zcommon zartificial zmedia z d) zIs zthe zmost zcommon zetiological zagens zof zhospital zinfections z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a . zThe zblood zfor zhemocultivation zshould zbe ztaken: a) zbefore zbreakfast b) zwhen zthe zpatient zhas zno zmore zfever c) zin ztime zof zrise zof zthe ztemperature d) zwhen zthe zATB ztherapy zwas zinterrupted z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Target zcells zfor zHIV zvirus zare a) zB zlymphocytes b) zT zlymphocytes c) zNK zcells d) zMemory zcells z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Normal zconcentration zof zASLO zin zhealthy zperson zis z: a) z196 zj b) z220 zj c) z540 zj d) z320 zj z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Staphylococcus zaureus zisolated zfrom zinfectious zmaterial z(abscess) zcan zbe zdistinguished zfrom zother zstaphylococci z za) zby zthe zproduction zof zplasmacoagulase zb) zby zproduction zof zphosphatase zand zfermentation zof zmanitol zc) zby zproduction zof zhemolysin zon zthe zblood zagar zd) zall zanswers zare zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a If zyou zare zlooking zfor zNeisseria zmeningitidis zin zthe zbody zof zpatient zwith zmeningitis zor zin zhealthy zcarriers zyou zcan zfind zit zin zthe zsample zof za) zcerebrospinal zfluid zb) zblood zc) znasopharyngeal zswab zd) zall zanswers zare zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Haemophillus zinfluenzae z- ztype zb zcan zbe zprooved zby z: za) zdirect zagglutination zb) zcomplement-fixation zreaction zc) zindirect zagglutination zwith zspecific zantisera z- zserotypisation zd) zprecipitation z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Which zof zstatements zis zcorrect zfor zCandida zalbicans z: za) zIt zgrows zon zSabouraud zagar, zon zblood zagar zb) zit zproduces ztypical zgerm ztubes zc) zit zturns zform zyeast zto zmold zform zduring zinvasion zto ztissues z zd) zall zanswers zare zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d For zlaboratory zdetection zand zdescription zof zmycelia zby zmicroscopy zwe zcan zuse z za) znative zsmear z zb) zGram zstaining zc) zWirtz zConklin zstaining zd) zblock zof zrice zagar zto zgrow zand zwhatch zmycelia z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d If zmixed zinfection zof zbacterial zand zfungal zetiology zis zsuspected zin zmycoses zthe zsample zshould zbe zsent zfor z: za) zmycological ztesting zb) zonly zfor zbacteriological ztesting zc) zfor zannimal zmodel ztest zd) zfor zmycological zand zbacteriological ztesting z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Viral zparticles zcan zbe zvisualised zby z: za) zelectron zmicroscopy zonly zb) zin zlight zmicrocopy zc) zin zmicroscope zwith zinterference zd) zin zlight zmicroscopy zif zappropriate zstaining zis zused z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a The zdirect zparasitological zdignosis zcan zbe zperformed zby z: za) zmicroscopy z zb) zantigen zdetection zin zthe zsample zc) znucleic zacid zdetection zd) zall zanswers zare zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Which zstatement zis ztrue zfor zviral zgenom: za) zits zstructure zis zspecic zfor zany zkind zof zvirus zb) zthe zpiece zof zchain zof znucleotides zthat zis zcharacteristic zfor zthe zvirus zcan zbe z zidentified zin zvitro zc) zthe zsensitivity zof zidentification zof zviral zgenom zcan zbe zincreased zby zDNA z zhybridisation z(PCR z) zd) zall zanswers zare zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Herpes zsimplex zinfection zis zcharacterised zby: za) zRound zcells zarranged zin zclusters zb) zBaloon zdegeneration zof zepitel zcells zand zmultinuclear zcells zc) zProduction zof zvacuolised zcells zwith zatypical zhyperchromatic znuclei zd) zcoilocytosis z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Hepatits zC zvirus zcauses a) zNot zsever zacute zinfection zwith zgood zprognosis b) zChronical zinfection zthat zcan zcontinue zto zcancerogenesis c) zLatent zdisease zwith zactivation zin zthe zperiod zof zimmunodificiency d) zInfection zthat zcan zstart zonly zif zthere zis zthe zco-infection zwith zother zhepatitis zvirus z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Chronical zinfection zof zhepatitis zB zvirus zis zcharacterised zby z: a) zPresence zof zHBsAg zfor zmore zthan z6 zmonths zand zdisappearance zof zIgM zanti zHBc b) zPresence zof zhigh zlevels zof zIgM zanti zHBc z c) zAbsence zof zHbeAg d) zAbsence zof zIgG zanti-HBc z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a RNA-dependent zDNA zpolymerase zis zpresent zin z: a) zHerpesvirus b) zHepatitis zB zvirus c) zRetrovirus d) zPoxvirus z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Chicken zpox zis zcaused zby z: a) zVaricella-zoster zvirus b) zAdenovirus zA c) zHuman zherpesvirus z6 d) zHuman zpapilomavirus z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a . zMorbillivirus zis: a) zReovirus b) zRetrovirus c) zCoronavirus d) zParamyxovirus z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Trichomonas zvaginalis z: a) zIs zblood zflagellatum b) zIs znot zmotile zand zdoes znot zproduce zcysts c) zIs zetiological zagens zof zurogenital zinflamation d) zProduces zinfection zof zwomen zafter zclimax z/post zmenopausal zperiod/ z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Taenia zsaginata zis z: a) zCestodes b) zTrematodes c) zNematodes d) zSporozoa z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Aspergilosis z: a) zIs zinfection zof zintestinal ztract zproducing zbloody zdiarrhoea b) zIs zinfection zof zskin zand zskin zadnexes c) zIs zinfection zof zendocard zand zCNS d) zIs zinfection zof zlower zrespiratory ztract zusually z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d Dimorphic zfungi z: a) zGrow zonly zin zthe zform zof zyeast b) zGrow zonly zin zthe zform zof zmycelium c) zGrow zin zthe zform zof zmycelium zor zyeast d) zGrow zalways zas zmolds z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Chinolons z- zact zat zthe zlevel zof a) zNucleic zacid zsynthesis b) zCell zwall zsynthesis c) zProteosynthesis d) zFolic zacid zmetabolism z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Histoplasmosis zis zinfection zof z: a) zSurface zlayers zof zskin b) zLung c) zGastrointestinal ztract d) zUrogenital ztract z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b One zof zthe ztools zof zpathogenity zof zBacillus zantracis a) zis zprotein zcapsule b) zare ztoxins c) zare ztermoresistent zspores d) zis zendotoxin z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Lipid zbilayer zoverlying zthe znucleocapsid zis zpresent zin a) zrabies zvirus b) zpicorna zvirus c) zHIV d) zDelta zantigen z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Most zcommon zetiological zagens zof zacute zurinary ztract zinfection zin zout zpatients zis a) zE. zcoli b) zChlamydia ztrachomatis c) zNeisseria zgonorrhoeae d) zStaphylococcus zsaprophyticus z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a The zstructure zthat zis zpresent zin zGram z- zand zGram z+ zbacterial zwall zis; z a. zplasmatic zmembrane b. zpeptidoglycan z c. zlipopolysaccharide zof zouter zmembrane d. zpillus z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b . zfluorescence zin zmicroscope zis zused zto zincrease a. zspecificity b. zresolution z c. zmagnification d. z2 zanswers zare zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b bacteria zdivide z a. zby zbinary zfissure b. zin zliving zcells zonly c. zon zartificial zmedia zonly d. zall zstatements zare zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Growth zcurve zphases zreflect zthe zdynamics zof zgrowth z a. zof zindividual zbacterial zcell zin zvitro z b. zof zindividual zbacterial zcell zin zvivo z c. zof zbacterial zpopulation zin zvivo z d. zof zbacterial zpopulation zin zvitro z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d what zmicrobes zrequire zthe zlower zpressure zof zoxygen a. zanaerobic zaerotolerant b. zmicroaerofilic c. zfacultatively zanaerobic d. zfacultatively zaerobic z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b The zsolidifying zagent zused zto zprepare zcultivation zmedia zis a. zagar z- z(algae) b. zblood zand zagar c. zbroth zand zagar d. zany ztype zgel z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a Pillus zis zthe ztool zof z a. zgenetic zmaterial ztransmission z b. zmovement c. zattachment d. zadherence z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a parasitology zincludes a. zhelmitology, zprotosoology, zenthomology zand zvirology b. zhelmitology, zenthomology, zbacteriology, zvirology, zmycology c. zhelmintology zand zprotosoology z d. zhelmintology, zprotosoology, zenthomology z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d orientation zsmear zstaining zis z a. zmonochromatic zwith zfixation z b. zpolychromatic zwith zfixation c. zmonochromatic zwithout zfixation d. zpolychromatic zwithout zfixation z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.a spore zis z a. zdormant zand zvery zdangerous zstage zbecause zit zspread zin zbody zto zproduce zdisease b. zdormant zand znot zvery zdangerous zuntil zthey zgerminate c. zable zto zchange zto zvegetative zcells zin zoptimal zcondition d. zwell zstainable zby zgram zstaining z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b The zprimary zeffect zof zlactobacilli zin zthe zadult zvagina zis zto z A. zmaintain zan zalkaline zenvironment. z B. zmaintain zan zacidic zenvironment. z C. zproduce za zprotective zmucus zlayer. z D. zincrease zfertility. z E. zkeep zthe zmenstrual zcycle zregular. z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b A zpatient zpresents zwith zsevere zcolitis zassociated zwith zan zovergrowth zof zClostridium zdifficile zin zthe zlower zbowel. zThe zmost zlikely zcause zof zthis zcondition zis z A. zbotulinum zfood zpoisoning. B. za zstomach zulcer. z C. za zcompromised zimmune zsystem. z D. zantibiotic ztherapy. z E. zmechanical zblockage zof zthe zlarge zintestine. z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.d 1. zThe zprimary zeffect zof zlactobacilli zin zthe zadult zvagina zis zto a. zMaintain zan zalkaline zenvironment b. zMaintain zan zacidic zenvironment c. zProduce za zprotective zmucus zlayer d. zIncrease zfertility e. zKeep zthe zmenstrual zcycle zregular z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.b Physiological zflora zof zskin zis z a) zCandida zAlbicans zand zStreptococcus zPneumoniae z b) zViridant zcocci zand zCorynebacterium zDiphteriae z c) zStaphylococcus zEpidermis, zProponibacter zAcnes z d) zno zanswer zis zcorrect z- z z z zcorrect zanswer.c Which zof zthe zfollowing zstructures zis zunique zto zprokaryotic zorganisms z a) zmitochondria z