Unit 3 - Biology Notes
, Molecular Genetics
Objectives:
By the end of the unit, the student will be able to:
• Compare the structure, function and role of RNA and DNA in protein synthesis
• Describe the process of DNA replication and repair
• Explain the steps involved in protein synthesis
• Outline the cause of mutations
• Provide an overview of genetic engineering in terms application and cell function
• Outline contributions of scientists in the field of molecular genetics
• Interpret micrographs
• Examine a segment of DNA to determine complementary sequences
• Describe findings of the Human Genome Project
• Relate the field of molecular genetics to technology, society and the environment
1
, What is DNA?
stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
large molecule
located only in the nucleus
comprises the makeup of chromosomes
molecule of heredity
DNA double helix was discovered by Watson and Crick
described DNA double helix as a "twisted ladder” doublestranded
it is a nucleic acid and is made up of repeating units called nucleotides
mRNA is acopiedDNAthatcanbe sent outside the nucleus
Watson and Crick
Rosalind Franklin
2
, THE FOUR BASES:
Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) are Purines
Purines have a double ring structure
Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) are Pyrimidines
Pyrimidines have a single ring structure
Each Nucleotide consists of:
1) a sugar (deoxyribose) RNA
DNA deoxyribosesugar
ribosesugar
2) a phosphate group
3) a nitrogen base In RNAthereis uracil
3
, Molecular Genetics
Objectives:
By the end of the unit, the student will be able to:
• Compare the structure, function and role of RNA and DNA in protein synthesis
• Describe the process of DNA replication and repair
• Explain the steps involved in protein synthesis
• Outline the cause of mutations
• Provide an overview of genetic engineering in terms application and cell function
• Outline contributions of scientists in the field of molecular genetics
• Interpret micrographs
• Examine a segment of DNA to determine complementary sequences
• Describe findings of the Human Genome Project
• Relate the field of molecular genetics to technology, society and the environment
1
, What is DNA?
stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
large molecule
located only in the nucleus
comprises the makeup of chromosomes
molecule of heredity
DNA double helix was discovered by Watson and Crick
described DNA double helix as a "twisted ladder” doublestranded
it is a nucleic acid and is made up of repeating units called nucleotides
mRNA is acopiedDNAthatcanbe sent outside the nucleus
Watson and Crick
Rosalind Franklin
2
, THE FOUR BASES:
Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) are Purines
Purines have a double ring structure
Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) are Pyrimidines
Pyrimidines have a single ring structure
Each Nucleotide consists of:
1) a sugar (deoxyribose) RNA
DNA deoxyribosesugar
ribosesugar
2) a phosphate group
3) a nitrogen base In RNAthereis uracil
3
