Women's health; UTI, vaginal disorders

Women's health; UTI, vaginal disorders What is the most common vaginal infection? - Bacterial Vaginosis What is the most common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis? - Unpleasant "fishy" odor that increases after sex or with elevated vaginal pH (menses) Increased discharge (watery, grayish-white, or yellow, sometimes foamy discharge) What are risk factors for bacterial vaginosis? - New sexual partner, African-American race, Use of IUD, Douching, Receptive oral, sex, Tobacco use , Prior pregnancy, Polymicrobial d/t floral imbalance, Predominantly affects young sexually-active women What are protective factors (that could also be considered risk factors) of bacterial vaginosis? - Use of hormones (including oral contraceptives), condom Can Bacterial vaginosis be treated with OTC? - No, requires antibiotics; refer to provider What are classic symptoms of trichomoniasis? - Copious, malodorous, yellow-green, frothy discharge, pruritis and burning sensation, vaginal irritation, dysuria Trichomoniasis initially has no symptoms; most men are asymptomatic (serve as reservoirs) - How can you differentiate trichomoniasis? - abnormal accumulation of fluid in vulvar (edema) and erythema (redness of the skin), and yellow discharge What are risk factors for trichomoniasis? - Multiple or new sexual partners, nouse of barrier contraceptives, presence of other STIs Can trichomoniasis be treated with OTC? - No, requires antibiotics How much of vagina infections are trichomoniasis? - 15-20% What is vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)? - "yeast infection" or "monoliasis" How common is vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)? - 2nd most common vaginal infection (20-25%); 50% of women have an episode by age 25 what are some signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis? - thick, white "cottage cheese" discharge; NO odor; normal vaginal pH, intense itching, vulvar redness and edema; may have dysuria and/or dysypareunia What are risk factors for VVC? - High levels of estrogen (pregnancy, high-dose combined OC, estrogen therapy), increased vaginal pH (menstruation, menopause), Diabetes mellitus, Recent broad-spectrum antibiotics, immune suppression (HIV+ or transplants, antineoplastics, corticosteroids) What are other factors that can lead to vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)? - Intrauterine or sponge contraceptive, foods that increase excretion of urinary glucose, dietary sugars, refined carbohydrates, milk, artificial sweeteners, consumption of yogurt. Can tight-fitting, nonabsorbent clothing or pantyhose cause VVC? - No; no research to demonstrate What kind of discharge does bacterial vaginosis (BV)? - Thin (watery), grayish-white or yellow, sometimes foamy discharge What kind of discharge does trichomoniasis have? - copious, malodorous, yellow-green, frothy discharge What kind of discharge does Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) have? - thick, white "cottage cheese" discharge What are some examples of vaginal pH tests? - vagisil screening kit; Fem-V vaginal infection test; swab litmus color tests