Psych 1000 - Guelph Midterm 1 Questions with complete solutions
Scientific Method Correct Answer-A way of learning about the world via observations, developing theories to explain them and using these theories to make predictions
Hypothesis Correct Answer-A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
falsifiable Correct Answer-able to be disproven by experimental results
Pseudoscience Correct Answer-a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method.
Theory Correct Answer-an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviours or events
Misperceptions of Theories Correct Answer-1) Theories are NOT opinions/beliefs
2) All theories are NOT equally plausible
3) Quality is not related to the number of people who believe it to be true
biophysical model Correct Answer-a means of explaining behaviour as a
product of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors Scientific Literacy Correct Answer-The ability to understand, analyze, and apply scientific information
Critical Thinking Correct Answer-involves exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others and with our own assumptions and beliefs
Empiricism Correct Answer-the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
What are Galen's Four Temperaments Correct Answer-Sanguine: (blood) - impulsivity, pleasure-seeking, charisma
Choleric: (yellow bile) - ambition, energetic, aggressive
Melancholic: (black bile) - independent, perfectionist, introvert
Phlegmatic: (phlegm) - quiet, relaxed, content
Zeitgeist Correct Answer-a general set of beliefs of a particular culture at a specific time in history
Materialism Correct Answer-the belief that humans are composed exclusively of physical matter
Dualism Correct Answer-the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact Psychophysics Correct Answer-the study of relationships between the physical world and the mental representation of the world
clinical psychology Correct Answer-The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.
Phrenology Correct Answer-27 regions of the brain corresponding to traits detected by skull shape exams
Nature & Nurture Correct Answer-the debate of whether you are shaped by your environment or genes
Structuralism Correct Answer-an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
Functionalism Correct Answer-the study of the purpose and function of behaviour and conscious experience
Behaviourism Correct Answer-an approach that dominated the first half of the 20th century of North American psychology and had a singular focus on studying only observable behaviour, with little to no reference to mental events or instincts as possible influences on behaviour
Radical Behaviorism Correct Answer-How an organism responds to rewards & punishments humanistic psychology Correct Answer-focuses on the unique aspects of
each individual human, each person's freedom to act, his or her rational thought, and the belief that humans are fundamentally different from other animals
Gestalt Psychology Correct Answer-approach to psychology emphasizing that our perception of a whole is different from our perception of the individual stimuli
Cognitive Psychology Correct Answer-a modern psychological perspective that focuses on processes such as memory, thinking, and language
social psychology Correct Answer-study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Personality Psychology Correct Answer-the study of how different personality characteristics can influence how we think and act
Features of Quality Scientific Research (5) Correct Answer-1) based on objective, reliable & valid measurements
2) can be generalized
3) uses techniques that reduce bias
4) made public 5) can be replicated
Scientific Method Correct Answer-A way of learning about the world via observations, developing theories to explain them and using these theories to make predictions
Hypothesis Correct Answer-A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
falsifiable Correct Answer-able to be disproven by experimental results
Pseudoscience Correct Answer-a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method.
Theory Correct Answer-an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviours or events
Misperceptions of Theories Correct Answer-1) Theories are NOT opinions/beliefs
2) All theories are NOT equally plausible
3) Quality is not related to the number of people who believe it to be true
biophysical model Correct Answer-a means of explaining behaviour as a
product of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors Scientific Literacy Correct Answer-The ability to understand, analyze, and apply scientific information
Critical Thinking Correct Answer-involves exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others and with our own assumptions and beliefs
Empiricism Correct Answer-the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
What are Galen's Four Temperaments Correct Answer-Sanguine: (blood) - impulsivity, pleasure-seeking, charisma
Choleric: (yellow bile) - ambition, energetic, aggressive
Melancholic: (black bile) - independent, perfectionist, introvert
Phlegmatic: (phlegm) - quiet, relaxed, content
Zeitgeist Correct Answer-a general set of beliefs of a particular culture at a specific time in history
Materialism Correct Answer-the belief that humans are composed exclusively of physical matter
Dualism Correct Answer-the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact Psychophysics Correct Answer-the study of relationships between the physical world and the mental representation of the world
clinical psychology Correct Answer-The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.
Phrenology Correct Answer-27 regions of the brain corresponding to traits detected by skull shape exams
Nature & Nurture Correct Answer-the debate of whether you are shaped by your environment or genes
Structuralism Correct Answer-an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
Functionalism Correct Answer-the study of the purpose and function of behaviour and conscious experience
Behaviourism Correct Answer-an approach that dominated the first half of the 20th century of North American psychology and had a singular focus on studying only observable behaviour, with little to no reference to mental events or instincts as possible influences on behaviour
Radical Behaviorism Correct Answer-How an organism responds to rewards & punishments humanistic psychology Correct Answer-focuses on the unique aspects of
each individual human, each person's freedom to act, his or her rational thought, and the belief that humans are fundamentally different from other animals
Gestalt Psychology Correct Answer-approach to psychology emphasizing that our perception of a whole is different from our perception of the individual stimuli
Cognitive Psychology Correct Answer-a modern psychological perspective that focuses on processes such as memory, thinking, and language
social psychology Correct Answer-study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Personality Psychology Correct Answer-the study of how different personality characteristics can influence how we think and act
Features of Quality Scientific Research (5) Correct Answer-1) based on objective, reliable & valid measurements
2) can be generalized
3) uses techniques that reduce bias
4) made public 5) can be replicated
