HESI RN MENTAL HEALTH GUARANTEED A+ GRADE

3.A nurse teaches the patient about the gate control theory. Which statementmade by a patient reflects a correct understanding about the relationship between the gate control theory of pain and the use of meditation to relievepain? “Meditation controls pain by blocking pain impulses from coming a. through the gate.” “Meditation alters the chemical composition of pain neuroregulators, b. which closes the gate.” “Meditation will help me sleep through the pain because it opens the c. gate.” d. “Meditation stops the occurrence of pain stimuli.” ANS: A According to this theory, gating mechanisms located along the central nervoussystem regulate or block pain impulses. Pain impulses pass through when a gate is open and are blocked when a gate is closed. Nonpharmacologic pain-relief measures, such as meditation, work by closing the gates, which keeps pain impulses from coming through. Meditation does not open pain gates or stop pain from occurring. Meditation also does not have an effect on pain neuroregulators. 4.A nurse is planning care for an older-adult patient who is experiencing pain. Which statement made by the nurse indicates the supervising nurse needs to follow up? a. “As adults age, their ability to perceive pain decreases.” “Older patients may have low serum albumin in their blood, causing b. toxic effects of analgesic drugs.” “Patients who have dementia probably experience pain, and their pain c. s not always well controlled.” “It is safe to administer 20 opioids to older adults as long as you start with small doses and frequently assess thepatient’s response to the d. medicati on.” ANS: A Aging does not affect the ability to perceive pain. This misconception must be corrected by the supervising nurse. All the other statements are true and require no follow-up. Opioids are safe to use in older adults as long as they areslowly titrated and the nurse frequently monitors the patient. Patients with dementia most likely experience unrelieved pain because their pain is difficult to assess. Older adults frequently eat poorly, resulting in low serum albumin levels. Many drugs are highly protein bound. In the presence of low serum albumin, more free drug (active form) is available, thus increasing the risk for side and/or toxic effects. 5. The nurse is caring for two patients; both are having a hysterectomy. The first patient is having the hysterectomy after a complicated birth. The second patient has uterine cancer. What will most likely influence theexperience of pain for these two patients? a. Meaning of pain b. Neurological factors c. Competency of the surgeon d. Postoperative support personnel ANS: A N The degree and quality of pain perceived by a patient e are related to the meaning of the pain. The patient’s ur perception of pain is influenced by psychological ol factors, such as anxiety and coping, which in turn o influence thepatient’s experience of pain. Each patient’s gi experience is different. c factors can interrupt or influence pain perception, but neither of these patients is experiencing alterations in neurological function. The knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of nurses, health care providers, the surgeon, and other health care personnel about pain affect pain management but do notnecessarily influence a patient’s pain perceptions. 6. The nurse is preparing pain medications. To which patient does thenurse anticipate administering an opioid fentanyl patch? a. A 15-year-old adolescent with a fractured femur b. A 30-year-old adult with cellulitis 20 5 c. A 50-year-old patient with prostate cancer d. An 80-year-old patient with a broken hip ANS: C Transdermal fentanyl (patch), which is 100 times more potent than morphine, is available for opioid-tolerant patients with cancer or chronic pain (prostate cancer). It delivers predetermined doses that provide analgesia for up to 72 hours. The other patients are expected to experience acute pain (fractured femur, cellulitis, and broken hip). Therefore, they will most likely benefit from oral or IV opioids for short-term pain relief.