SSM 3301 Final Exam Study Guide 2024 with complete solution

nutrients - correct answer-Phosphorus, nitrogen and other constituents that promote plant and algal growth that if excessive can lead to lake degradation. temperature - correct answer-This water quality factor is critical for many fish and other types of aquatic life. Warming may reduce or inhibit some fish from reproducing or thriving in a lake. habitat - correct answer-The water or shoreline conditions need to be suitable for fish and aquatic life to live. If lake shores are developed it may eliminate the native vegetation and reduce the quality of this factor. Peter Sorensen mentions that walleye, a popular game-fish, are threatened with displacement from Wisconsin lakes because of what factor? - correct answer-warmer temperatures According to Dr. Blann's talk on the Earth's Great Lakes, freshwater forms of life are more threatened than terrestrial forms of life. - correct answer-True Over 2000 species in the African Great Lakes region are considered endemic, which means what? - correct answer-They are only found in that region The world's Great Lakes in Africa, North America and Lake Baikal contain how much (as a %) of the world's freshwater when added altogether? - correct answer-72 The invasive "Crown of Thorns" that damages coral reefs is what type of organism? - correct answer-starfish Islands are more resistant than mainland areas to invasion by introduced, exotic species. - correct answer-False The Asian carp which has invaded the Mississippi River and tributaries like the Illinois River is threat to aquatic ecosystems for a number of reasons. - correct answer--They uproot native aquatic plants -The outcompete native fish According to aquatic invasive species guide called "Invaders of the Great Lakes", what is the most common ways aquatic invasive species are spread or introduced to new lakes and rivers? - correct answer-by ship ballast water What is one of the main ecological problems caused by cattail invasion in the article "Cattail catastrophe"? - correct answer-reduced native biodiversity Invasive aquatic plants have negative ecological impacts but don't have any practical negative impacts on recreation or fishing. - correct answer-False According to the Pimental article, Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States, about how many types of invasive species have been introduced to the U.S.? - correct answer-50,000 The introduction of the sea lamprey into the region caused what negative impact? - correct answer-damage to Great Lakes fisheries Common reasons that exotic species become invasive when introduced to new environments? - correct answer--Introduced species may be more aggressive or competitive in their new environment -Introduced species may reproduce more rapidly than native species -Introduced species are not kept in check by the predators from their original, native environment Aquatic invasive species are often considered "ecosystem engineers" which means that they may change the structure or function of an ecosystem to their own benefit which is often detrimental to native aquatic life. - correct answer-True Each year, according to the Ecology Project International video, invasive species cause how much damage to agriculture, industry, recreation and other economic values in the United States (in dollars)? - correct answer-$150 billion What is an invasive species according to Dan Larkin? - correct answer-Organism that is not native to an ecosystem and causes or has high potential to cause harm Potential Impacts of Aquatic Invasive Species - correct answer--prey upon native species -outcompete native species for space or resources -cause or carry disease -engineer invaded habits, altering: environmental conditions, ecosystem processes, food web interactions -interfere w/ lake use Dominant means of spread of aquatic invasive species - correct answer--human activity: transcontinental shipping, disposal/release of plants and animals from aquaria or water gardens, boater movement, contaminated equipment The Ogallala Aquifer is a large groundwater supply that is being greatly drawn down in the Great Plains region of the U.S. What is the main cause of aquifer depletion? - correct answer-irrigation for agriculture What are the negative impacts of dams downstream? - correct answer--accumulates sediment behind the dam -changes the timing of flow patterns that can impact stream life -blocks fish passage Stream flow supports a variety of functions in rivers, a concept shown graphically on the Environmental Flows slide. Which are functions provided at higher flow levels? - correct answer--fish habitat support -sediment movement or transport -flood storage Some strategies are mentioned for improving water quality in urban areas by installing management practices that reduce water velocity, filter runoff and improve infiltration. Which of the following urban management practices were described in the lecture? - correct answer--rain gardens