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Samenvatting Pathologie van het endocrien stelsel

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April 25, 2024
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Biomedische Wetenschappen 4




PATHOLOGIE VAN HET ENDOCRIENE
STELSEL
1. INLEIDING

De endocriene klieren:

• hypothalamus
• hypofyse
• schildklier
• geslachtsklieren
• bijnieren (merg en cortex)
• bijschildklieren
• eilandjes van Langerhans
• epifyse

, Biomedische Wetenschappen 4

Hormonen:

• Eiwitten (uitz. steroïden)
• Boodschappermoleculen
• Worden afgegeven aan het bloed
<=> exocriene klieren
• Werking elders in het lichaam
• Regulatie hormoonafscheiding
= negatieve terugkoppeling (‘feedback’) op hun afscheiding door
o hetzij hun perifeer effect vb. PTH - Calcium, insuline - Glc
o hetzij hun stijgende plasmaconcentratie vb. cortisol, T4


Hypofunctie endocriene klier:

 indeling naar mechanismen

• door een auto-immune destructie
• gericht tegen 1 specifieke klier
Hashimoto’s thyroïditis, DM1
• gericht tegen meerdere klieren en andere lichaamsstructuren
SLE (systemische lupus erythematodes)
• door infarcisatie, infectie, trauma of tumorale
verdrukking van de klier
vb. ADH na hersentrauma
• door een voedingstekort
vb. Jodium



Hyperfunctie endocriene klier:

 indeling naar mechanismen

• Door auto-immuunziekte
vb. ziekte van Graves-Basedow
• door een goed- of kwaadaardige tumor
o in de hypothalamus of hypofyse
o in de klier zelf
o elders
• door hyperplasie
o door stimulatie door auto-immune antistoffen
o ongekende oorzaak (= idiopathisch)
• door externe toediening van hormonen
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