PSY 240 FINAL EXAM (UOFT) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT Psychopathology - Answer - symptoms that cause mental, emotional, and/or physical pain abnormality - Answer - Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm themselves or others, or interferes with their ability to function in daily life. Culture and Gender and diagnoses - Answer - culture and gender can influence: 1. the ways people express symptoms 2. People's willingness to admit to certain types of behaviors or feelings 3. the types of treatments deemed acceptable or helpful for people exhibiting abnormal behaviors The Four D's of Abnormality - Answer - dysfunction, distress, deviance, and dangerousness dysfuntion - Answer - interferes in one's life distress - Answer - causing individuals pain deviance - Answer - outside cultural or social norm dangerousness - Answer - harm to selves or others Biological Theories of abnormal behavior - Answer - abnormal behavior similar to physical diseases Supernatural Theories - Answer - Abnormal behaviour as a result of divine intervention, curses, demonic possession, and personal sin Psychological Theories - Answer - Mental disorders as caused by psychological processes (beliefs, thinking styles, coping styles) Ancient Theories - Answer - Prehistoric people had a concept of insanity most likely rooted in supernatural beliefs Trephination - Answer - An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior. psychic epidemics - Answer - phenomena in which large numbers of people begin to engage in unusual behaviors that appear to have a psychological origin mental hygiene movement - Answer - Mid-19th-century effort to improve care of the mentally disordered by informing the public of their mistreatment. moral treatment - Answer - type of treatment delivered in mental hospitals in which patients were treated with respect and dignity and were encouraged to exercise self -
control general paresis - Answer - disease that leads to paralysis, insanity, and eventually death; discovery of this disease helped establish a connection between biological diseases and mental disorders mesmerism - Answer - treatment for hysterical patients based on the idea that magnetic fluids in the patients' bodies are affected by the magnetic forces of other people and objects; the patients' magnetic forces are thought to be realigned by the practitio ner through his or her own magnetic force Ivan Pavlov - Answer - developed methods and theories for understanding behavior in terms of stimuli and responses rather than in terms of the internal workings of the unconscious mind classical conditioning - Answer - a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events Behaviorism - Answer - study of the impact of reinforcements and punishments on behavior Patient's Rights Movement - Answer - Movement to ensure that mental patients retain their basic rights and to remove them from institutions and care for them in the community Deinstitutionalization - Answer - moving people with psychological or developmental disabilities from highly structured institutions to home - or community -based settings Community mental health movement - Answer - movement launched in 1963 that attempted to provide coordinated mental health services to people in community -based treatment centers Community mental health centers - Answer - institutions for the treatment of people with mental health problems in the community; may include teams of social workers, therapists, and physicians who coordinate care Halfway Houses - Answer - living facilities that offer people with long -term mental health problems the opportunity to live in a structured, supportive environment while they are trying to reestablish employment and ties to family and friends Day Treatment Centers - Answer - Mental health Facilities that allow people to obtain treatment, along with occupational and rehabilitative therapies, during the day but to live at home at night Managed Care - Answer - health care system in which all necessary services for an individual patient are supposed to be coordinated by a primary care provider; the goals are to coordinate services for an existing medical problem and to prevent future medica l problems Phineas Gage - Answer - railroad worker who survived a severe brain injury that dramatically changed his personality and behavior; case played a role in the development of the understanding of the localization of brain function Brain dysfunction - Answer - one of the three causes of abnormality on which biological approaches often focus What are the three causes of brain abnormality - Answer - brain dysfunction, biochemical imbalances, and genetic abnormalities Hindbrain - Answer - An area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord crucial for basic life functions midbrain - Answer - A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward. Forebrain - Answer - structures located in the front part of the brain structures of the hindbrain - Answer - medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation medulla - Answer - controls breathing and reflexes Pons - Answer - Attentiveness and Timing of Sleep
control general paresis - Answer - disease that leads to paralysis, insanity, and eventually death; discovery of this disease helped establish a connection between biological diseases and mental disorders mesmerism - Answer - treatment for hysterical patients based on the idea that magnetic fluids in the patients' bodies are affected by the magnetic forces of other people and objects; the patients' magnetic forces are thought to be realigned by the practitio ner through his or her own magnetic force Ivan Pavlov - Answer - developed methods and theories for understanding behavior in terms of stimuli and responses rather than in terms of the internal workings of the unconscious mind classical conditioning - Answer - a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events Behaviorism - Answer - study of the impact of reinforcements and punishments on behavior Patient's Rights Movement - Answer - Movement to ensure that mental patients retain their basic rights and to remove them from institutions and care for them in the community Deinstitutionalization - Answer - moving people with psychological or developmental disabilities from highly structured institutions to home - or community -based settings Community mental health movement - Answer - movement launched in 1963 that attempted to provide coordinated mental health services to people in community -based treatment centers Community mental health centers - Answer - institutions for the treatment of people with mental health problems in the community; may include teams of social workers, therapists, and physicians who coordinate care Halfway Houses - Answer - living facilities that offer people with long -term mental health problems the opportunity to live in a structured, supportive environment while they are trying to reestablish employment and ties to family and friends Day Treatment Centers - Answer - Mental health Facilities that allow people to obtain treatment, along with occupational and rehabilitative therapies, during the day but to live at home at night Managed Care - Answer - health care system in which all necessary services for an individual patient are supposed to be coordinated by a primary care provider; the goals are to coordinate services for an existing medical problem and to prevent future medica l problems Phineas Gage - Answer - railroad worker who survived a severe brain injury that dramatically changed his personality and behavior; case played a role in the development of the understanding of the localization of brain function Brain dysfunction - Answer - one of the three causes of abnormality on which biological approaches often focus What are the three causes of brain abnormality - Answer - brain dysfunction, biochemical imbalances, and genetic abnormalities Hindbrain - Answer - An area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord crucial for basic life functions midbrain - Answer - A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward. Forebrain - Answer - structures located in the front part of the brain structures of the hindbrain - Answer - medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation medulla - Answer - controls breathing and reflexes Pons - Answer - Attentiveness and Timing of Sleep
