BCPS – Questions/Answers (100% Correct)
Nominal and ordinal data ✔️Ans - are non-parametric
Non-inferiority hypothesis ✔️Ans - Drug A is NOT non-inferior to
Drug B
Delta ✔️Ans - non-inferiority margin, largest clinically acceptable
different
Delta ✔️Ans - must be excluded from end of CI
Incidence ✔️Ans - # new cases occurring during given time/ # ppl
Odds Ratio ✔️Ans - AD/BC
Odds Ratio ✔️Ans - used in case-control studies and cross-sectional
Odds Ratio ✔️Ans - estimation of risk, based on prevalence
Relative Risk ✔️Ans - [A/A+B]/[C/C+D]
Relative Risk ✔️Ans - based on incidence
Relative Risk ✔️Ans - used in follow-up and experimental studies
RRR ✔️Ans - 1-RR
ARR ✔️Ans - [A/A+B]-[C/C+D]
ARR ✔️Ans - used in follow-up and experimental studies
NNT ✔️Ans - 1/ARR
Sensitivity ✔️Ans - A/A+C
Specificity ✔️Ans - D/B+D
, positive predictive value ✔️Ans - A/A+B
negative predictive value ✔️Ans - D/C+D
efficiency ✔️Ans - ability to correctly classify pts, "observed accuracy"
efficiency ✔️Ans - A+D/A+B+C+D
nominal, 2 sample, independent, parallel design ✔️Ans - Chi-Square,
Fisher's exact
ordinal, 2 sample, independent, parallel design ✔️Ans - Wilcoxon
Rank sum, Mann Whitney U
continuous, 2 sample, independent, parallel design ✔️Ans - student's
t-test
Type 1 error ✔️Ans - find a different when none exists
Type 2 error ✔️Ans - find NO difference when one exists
descriptive study ✔️Ans - case study, case series, new
service/program
case-control, retrospective study ✔️Ans - identify cases with outcome
of interest and controls w/o outcome of interest, look back to assess risk
factors
case-control, retrospective ✔️Ans - selection bias, classification bias,
information bias, recall bias, confounding bias
bonferroni effect ✔️Ans - evaluate enough things that by chance one is
bound to be significant
case-control, retrospective ✔️Ans - weakest cause-effect relationship
follow-up, cohort, longitudinal, prospective ✔️Ans - classify according
to risk factor, strongest observational design
Nominal and ordinal data ✔️Ans - are non-parametric
Non-inferiority hypothesis ✔️Ans - Drug A is NOT non-inferior to
Drug B
Delta ✔️Ans - non-inferiority margin, largest clinically acceptable
different
Delta ✔️Ans - must be excluded from end of CI
Incidence ✔️Ans - # new cases occurring during given time/ # ppl
Odds Ratio ✔️Ans - AD/BC
Odds Ratio ✔️Ans - used in case-control studies and cross-sectional
Odds Ratio ✔️Ans - estimation of risk, based on prevalence
Relative Risk ✔️Ans - [A/A+B]/[C/C+D]
Relative Risk ✔️Ans - based on incidence
Relative Risk ✔️Ans - used in follow-up and experimental studies
RRR ✔️Ans - 1-RR
ARR ✔️Ans - [A/A+B]-[C/C+D]
ARR ✔️Ans - used in follow-up and experimental studies
NNT ✔️Ans - 1/ARR
Sensitivity ✔️Ans - A/A+C
Specificity ✔️Ans - D/B+D
, positive predictive value ✔️Ans - A/A+B
negative predictive value ✔️Ans - D/C+D
efficiency ✔️Ans - ability to correctly classify pts, "observed accuracy"
efficiency ✔️Ans - A+D/A+B+C+D
nominal, 2 sample, independent, parallel design ✔️Ans - Chi-Square,
Fisher's exact
ordinal, 2 sample, independent, parallel design ✔️Ans - Wilcoxon
Rank sum, Mann Whitney U
continuous, 2 sample, independent, parallel design ✔️Ans - student's
t-test
Type 1 error ✔️Ans - find a different when none exists
Type 2 error ✔️Ans - find NO difference when one exists
descriptive study ✔️Ans - case study, case series, new
service/program
case-control, retrospective study ✔️Ans - identify cases with outcome
of interest and controls w/o outcome of interest, look back to assess risk
factors
case-control, retrospective ✔️Ans - selection bias, classification bias,
information bias, recall bias, confounding bias
bonferroni effect ✔️Ans - evaluate enough things that by chance one is
bound to be significant
case-control, retrospective ✔️Ans - weakest cause-effect relationship
follow-up, cohort, longitudinal, prospective ✔️Ans - classify according
to risk factor, strongest observational design
