MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS FOR PATHO EXAM 2 -
2024
The _____ of developing a disease is expressed as the ratio of the disease
rate among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed
population.
A. attributable risk
B. contingency risk
C. causal risk
D. relative risk ✔️Ans - D
An autosomal dominant form of breast cancer accounts for _____ % of all
cases.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20 ✔️Ans - A
The data reporting "Sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600
American blacks" is an example of which concept?
A. Incidence
B. Prevalence
C. Ratio
D. Risk ✔️Ans - B
What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia?
A. A diet high in saturated fats
B. An increased production of cholesterol by the liver
C. A reduction in the number of LDL receptors on cell surfaces
D. An abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood
E. A reduction in the co-enzyme HMG-CoA by the liver ✔️Ans - C
Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by both genetic factors and
lifestyle?
A. Sodium intake
B. Physical inactivity
C. Psychosocial stress
D. Obesity ✔️Ans - D
,If a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer, her risk of
developing breast cancer is _____ times what it would otherwise be.
A. two
B. three
C. six
D. ten ✔️Ans - A
The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:
A. autoantibodies and HLA associations.
B. autoantibodies and obesity.
C. obesity and positive family history.
D. HLA associations and positive family history. ✔️Ans - C
Cancers that cluster strongly in families include:
A. breast, colon, and prostate.
B. lung, ovarian, and breast.
C. colon, brain, and lung.
D. prostate, breast, and brain. ✔️Ans - A
Which diseases are more strongly determined by environmental and
lifestyle changes rather than genetics?
A. Autism and spina bifida
B. Diabetes mellitus and heart disease
C. Measles and influenza
D. Epilepsy and cystic fibrosis ✔️Ans - C
Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:
A. chromosomal testing.
B. direct observation.
C. liability thresholds.
D. relative risks. ✔️Ans - B
Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast
cancer?
A. LCAT genes
B. CHK1 and CHK2 genes
C. BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes
D. TP53 and TP54 genes ✔️Ans - C
,The BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in
women?
A. Ovarian
B. Lung
C. Uterine
D. Pancreatic ✔️Ans - A
What is the action of angiotensin II that increases blood pressure?
A. It stimulates beta1-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate.
B. It stimulates the release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that increases
water reabsorption.
C. It stimulates the release of aldosterone to increase sodium retention.
D. It inactivates serum bradykinin causing vasodilation. ✔️Ans - C
Which is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. There is partial insulin secretion.
B. There is autoimmunity.
C. There is insulin resistance.
D. Obesity is a common risk factor. ✔️Ans - B
How does obesity act as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes
mellitus?
A. By reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces
B. By increasing the resistance to insulin by cells
C. By obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas
D. By stimulating the liver to increase glucose production ✔️Ans - B
Studies have identified several genes that play what role in obesity?
A. Regulating appetite
B. Metabolizing fat
C. Absorbing fat
D. Altering satiety ✔️Ans - A
Studies have shown that offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by a
nonalcoholic parents have _____ of developing the alcoholism.
A. no increased risk
B. a twofold increased risk
C. a fourfold increased risk
, D. a tenfold increased risk ✔️Ans - C
What is a purpose of the inflammatory process?
A. To provide specific responses toward antigens
B. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
C. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
D. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury ✔️Ans - C
How do surfactant proteins A & D provide innate resistance?
A. They initiate the complement cascade.
B. They promote phagocytosis
C. They secrete mucus.
D. They synthesize lysosomes. ✔️Ans - B
Which secretion provides antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic
acid to provide a first line of defense?
A. Tears
B. Saliva
C. Perspiration
D. Sebaceous glands ✔️Ans - D
Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic
therapy?
A. Lactobacillus
B. Candida albicans
C. Clostridium difficile
D. Helicobacter pylori ✔️Ans - C
Which antimicrobial peptide is activated by tumor necrosis factor alpha
and is found in alveolar macrophages and T-lymphocytes?
A. -Defensins
B. -Defensins
C. Cathelicidin
D. Interleukin 1 ✔️Ans - A
What process causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
A. Vasodilation
B. Increased capillary permeability
C. Endothelial cell contraction
2024
The _____ of developing a disease is expressed as the ratio of the disease
rate among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed
population.
A. attributable risk
B. contingency risk
C. causal risk
D. relative risk ✔️Ans - D
An autosomal dominant form of breast cancer accounts for _____ % of all
cases.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20 ✔️Ans - A
The data reporting "Sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600
American blacks" is an example of which concept?
A. Incidence
B. Prevalence
C. Ratio
D. Risk ✔️Ans - B
What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia?
A. A diet high in saturated fats
B. An increased production of cholesterol by the liver
C. A reduction in the number of LDL receptors on cell surfaces
D. An abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood
E. A reduction in the co-enzyme HMG-CoA by the liver ✔️Ans - C
Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by both genetic factors and
lifestyle?
A. Sodium intake
B. Physical inactivity
C. Psychosocial stress
D. Obesity ✔️Ans - D
,If a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer, her risk of
developing breast cancer is _____ times what it would otherwise be.
A. two
B. three
C. six
D. ten ✔️Ans - A
The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:
A. autoantibodies and HLA associations.
B. autoantibodies and obesity.
C. obesity and positive family history.
D. HLA associations and positive family history. ✔️Ans - C
Cancers that cluster strongly in families include:
A. breast, colon, and prostate.
B. lung, ovarian, and breast.
C. colon, brain, and lung.
D. prostate, breast, and brain. ✔️Ans - A
Which diseases are more strongly determined by environmental and
lifestyle changes rather than genetics?
A. Autism and spina bifida
B. Diabetes mellitus and heart disease
C. Measles and influenza
D. Epilepsy and cystic fibrosis ✔️Ans - C
Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:
A. chromosomal testing.
B. direct observation.
C. liability thresholds.
D. relative risks. ✔️Ans - B
Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast
cancer?
A. LCAT genes
B. CHK1 and CHK2 genes
C. BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes
D. TP53 and TP54 genes ✔️Ans - C
,The BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in
women?
A. Ovarian
B. Lung
C. Uterine
D. Pancreatic ✔️Ans - A
What is the action of angiotensin II that increases blood pressure?
A. It stimulates beta1-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate.
B. It stimulates the release of an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that increases
water reabsorption.
C. It stimulates the release of aldosterone to increase sodium retention.
D. It inactivates serum bradykinin causing vasodilation. ✔️Ans - C
Which is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. There is partial insulin secretion.
B. There is autoimmunity.
C. There is insulin resistance.
D. Obesity is a common risk factor. ✔️Ans - B
How does obesity act as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes
mellitus?
A. By reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces
B. By increasing the resistance to insulin by cells
C. By obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas
D. By stimulating the liver to increase glucose production ✔️Ans - B
Studies have identified several genes that play what role in obesity?
A. Regulating appetite
B. Metabolizing fat
C. Absorbing fat
D. Altering satiety ✔️Ans - A
Studies have shown that offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by a
nonalcoholic parents have _____ of developing the alcoholism.
A. no increased risk
B. a twofold increased risk
C. a fourfold increased risk
, D. a tenfold increased risk ✔️Ans - C
What is a purpose of the inflammatory process?
A. To provide specific responses toward antigens
B. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
C. To prevent infection of the injured tissue
D. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury ✔️Ans - C
How do surfactant proteins A & D provide innate resistance?
A. They initiate the complement cascade.
B. They promote phagocytosis
C. They secrete mucus.
D. They synthesize lysosomes. ✔️Ans - B
Which secretion provides antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic
acid to provide a first line of defense?
A. Tears
B. Saliva
C. Perspiration
D. Sebaceous glands ✔️Ans - D
Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic
therapy?
A. Lactobacillus
B. Candida albicans
C. Clostridium difficile
D. Helicobacter pylori ✔️Ans - C
Which antimicrobial peptide is activated by tumor necrosis factor alpha
and is found in alveolar macrophages and T-lymphocytes?
A. -Defensins
B. -Defensins
C. Cathelicidin
D. Interleukin 1 ✔️Ans - A
What process causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
A. Vasodilation
B. Increased capillary permeability
C. Endothelial cell contraction
