PCCN neuro Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Frontal lobe functions - Answer Personality, motor function, motor speech, morals, emotions, judgment Parietal lobe function - Answer Sensation, pain, interpretation, temperature, pressure Occipital lobe function - Answer visual Cerebellum functions - Answer coordination of muscle movement & tone, equilibrium What does the glasgow coma scale assess? - Answer 1. eye opening 2. motor response 3. verbal response Early S/S of increased ICP - Answer 1. Change in LOC (earliest sign) 2. headache 3. N/V (can project to projectile) 4. Lethargy 5. Irritability 6. slow decision making Late S/S of increased ICP - Answer 1. pupillary changes 2. Seizures 3. Posturing 4. Can progress to coma Who should ICP monitoring be done for? - Answer 1. head injuries (GCS <8) 2. Cerebral edema 3. Large Ischemic stroke 4. HydrocephalusNormal ICP - Answer 0-15 mmHg tx is indicated when ICP is greater than? - Answer sustained 20-25 mmHg Positioning of patients w/increased ICP? - Answer 1. prevent compression of jugular veins 2. HOB 30-45 degrees 3. Straight legs 4. Decrease stimuli Medical tx for increased ICP - Answer 1. mannitol 2. Hypertonic saline (3% saline) 3. loop diuretics Monro-kellie doctine - Answer Balance of tissue, CSF & blood to create an equilibrium Diffuse axonal injury - Answer severe head injury -damage to axons -disconnects cerebral hemisphere from reticular activating system What is a Basilar skull fracture - Answer -fracture in floor of skull -eyes, ears, nose or spine affected -risk of injury to cranial nerves Key assessment with a skull fracture? - Answer to determine if dura torn- if so will need surgery to remove bone fragments What should be avoided in patients w/basilar skull fractures? - Answer Nasogastric or oral tubes! -can end up in brain -also avoid oral suctioning Battle sign is... - Answer bruising over mastoid bone- sign of basilar skull fractur