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Samenvatting ontleedkunde - neurologie - w. Teughels

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Mooie samenvatting met alles wat je moet kennen voor het deel Neurologie van Ontleedkunde. Zowel hoofd en hals als de rest van het lichaam.

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het zenuwstelsel
Inleiding
• regeling lichaamsfuncties
• Directe verbindingen tssn zenuwen
• Ontvangen van sensorische input (intern of extern)
• Integreren van input
• Reageren


Onderdelen
• Hersenen en ruggenmerg
• Sensorische organen (bv zintuigen)
• Zenuwbanen


Neuron
• Functionele eenheid
• Dendriet ontvangt informatie en stuurt nr cellichaam
• Cellichaam bevat alle organellen van een eukaryote cel
• Axon vervoert signaal weg van cellichaam
• Shwanncell kan rondom axon zitten: signaaloverdracht versnellen
• Knoop van Ranvier: ruimte tussen Shwanncellen
• Synaps: signaaloverdracht tussen zenuwcel en andere cel via synaptische vesikels met
neurotransmitters


Soorten neuronen
• Sensorische neuronen: afferente takken:
‣ lange dendriet, kort axon
‣ Dragen imput over naar CZS
‣ Sensorische imput: zien, horen, ruiken
‣ Sensibele imput: druk, pijn, temperatuur
‣ Soms rechtstreekse signaaloverdracht zonder tussenkomst CZS —> reflex
• Motorische neuronen: efferente takken:
‣ Korte dendrieten, lang axon
‣ Dragen signaal van CZS naar spieren en klieren (effectoren)

, CZS PZS


Hersenen en ruggenmerg 43 zenuwparen vertrekkend vanuit het CZS



31 spinale zenuwparen 12 craniale zenuwparen
Vanuit ruggenmerg Vanuit hersenen




Autonoom ZS Speciale sensorische
Somatisch ZS
Niet onderhevig aan wil neuronen
Onderhevig aan wil

Huid, spieren, tendo’s
—> Somatische afferente en • Orthosympatisch ZS Smaak, reuk, zicht,
efferente zenuwen (Fight or ight reactie) gehoor
—> Spieren Thoraco-lumbale zenuwen CZ: 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10
Meeste craniale zenuwen


• Parasympatisch ZS
(Rust en vertering)
Sacrale zenuwen
CZ: 3, 7, 9, 10




fl

, 3.
8.
1.
6.
1. N. Olfactorius 3. 8. 7.
2. N. Opticus
3. N. Oculomotorius 4. 9.
9.
4. N. Trochlearis
5. N. Trigeminus 7. 10.
6.
6. N. Abducens
7. N. Facialis 11.
8. N. Vestibulocochlearis
9. N. Glossopharyngeus 12.
10. N. Vagus
11. N. Accessorius
12. N. Hypoglossus




Craniale zenuwen
Inleiding
• 12 craniale zenuwen met cellichamen intracraniaal
• Motorisch, sensorisch of gemengd


1. N. Olfactorius
• Sensorisch
• vertrekt uit olfactorische cortex vh cerebrum (hersenen)
• Opsplitsing in 2
• Tractus olfactorius
• Bulbus olfactorius: verlengde
‣ Boven os etmoidale
‣ Aan beiderzijds vd crista galli
‣ Doorheen lamina cribrosa in bundels:
• Craniaal deel cavum nasi (neusholte)
• Concha nasalis superior
• functie: reukgewaarwording

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Uploaded on
January 9, 2024
Number of pages
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Written in
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