Mood Disorders 1:
Monday, 18 February 2019 13:57
Examples of unipolar disorder:
- Major depressive disorder (MDD).
- Dysthymia.
Mood:
- Discrete periods of time where behaviour is dominated by
depressed or manic mood.
- Depressed mood: sadness, low energy, feelings of
worthlessness, sleep/appetite disturbances.
Unipolar Depression: Clinical Features:
- High relapse/recurrence rate: 50-85%, with risks for
repeated episodes.
- Number of lifetime episodes: 4-6.
- Suicide attempts: 12%.
- Relapse: return of a current episode.
- Recurrence: start of a new episode.
Bipolar Disorder:
- Periods of mania alternate with periods of major
depression.
- Prevalence: 0.4-1.6%/
- 10-25% of first degree relatives of suffers have also
reported significant symptoms of mood disorder.
- Females twice more likely than men to develop unipolar
disorders but not bipolar disorders.
Manic episode (according to the DSM)
Elevated and irritable mood, and 3 or more of:
- Increased activity level (psychomotor agitation).
- Talkativeness.
- Flight of ideas- racing.
- Less sleep needed (3 hours).
- Inflated self esteem.
- Distractibility.
- Recklessness/risk taking.
The symptoms are present for:
- At least once a week.
, - Inflated self esteem.
- Distractibility.
- Recklessness/risk taking.
The symptoms are present for:
- At least once a week.
- Not because of drugs/alcohol/other medical conditions
(hyperthyroidism).
- Cause significant impairment or interreference in
functioning or necessitate hospitalisation to prevent harm
to self or others or there are psychotic features.
Cyclothymic disorder:
- Characterised by at least two years of hypomania
symptoms that don't meet criteria for a manic episode.
- Sufferer experiences alternating periods of withdrawal
then exuberance, inadequacy then high self esteem.
Scope of the problem:
- By the age of 18, 20% will have experienced some form
of mood disorder.
- Females are most vulnerable.
- MDD is more prevalent compared to bipolar disorder.
- WHO ranked mood disorders as the 1st cause of disability
in the world and as the 4th in disease burden amongst all
medical and psychiatric disorders.
- By 2020 mood disorders will be the 2nd greatest burden
of ill health, followed by ischemic heart disease.
Suicide:
- Definition: action of intentionally killing oneself.
- Occurs in the context of mental health problems.
- Range of behaviours: ideation (very common), attempt,
completion (relatively rare).
- Global mortality rate in the world is 16 per 100,000.
- Gradually increasing year by year.
- Increase of 60% over 45 years.
- More common by death by homicide.
- For every completion, there are around 25 attempts on
average.
- Likelihood of suicide increases with age
Monday, 18 February 2019 13:57
Examples of unipolar disorder:
- Major depressive disorder (MDD).
- Dysthymia.
Mood:
- Discrete periods of time where behaviour is dominated by
depressed or manic mood.
- Depressed mood: sadness, low energy, feelings of
worthlessness, sleep/appetite disturbances.
Unipolar Depression: Clinical Features:
- High relapse/recurrence rate: 50-85%, with risks for
repeated episodes.
- Number of lifetime episodes: 4-6.
- Suicide attempts: 12%.
- Relapse: return of a current episode.
- Recurrence: start of a new episode.
Bipolar Disorder:
- Periods of mania alternate with periods of major
depression.
- Prevalence: 0.4-1.6%/
- 10-25% of first degree relatives of suffers have also
reported significant symptoms of mood disorder.
- Females twice more likely than men to develop unipolar
disorders but not bipolar disorders.
Manic episode (according to the DSM)
Elevated and irritable mood, and 3 or more of:
- Increased activity level (psychomotor agitation).
- Talkativeness.
- Flight of ideas- racing.
- Less sleep needed (3 hours).
- Inflated self esteem.
- Distractibility.
- Recklessness/risk taking.
The symptoms are present for:
- At least once a week.
, - Inflated self esteem.
- Distractibility.
- Recklessness/risk taking.
The symptoms are present for:
- At least once a week.
- Not because of drugs/alcohol/other medical conditions
(hyperthyroidism).
- Cause significant impairment or interreference in
functioning or necessitate hospitalisation to prevent harm
to self or others or there are psychotic features.
Cyclothymic disorder:
- Characterised by at least two years of hypomania
symptoms that don't meet criteria for a manic episode.
- Sufferer experiences alternating periods of withdrawal
then exuberance, inadequacy then high self esteem.
Scope of the problem:
- By the age of 18, 20% will have experienced some form
of mood disorder.
- Females are most vulnerable.
- MDD is more prevalent compared to bipolar disorder.
- WHO ranked mood disorders as the 1st cause of disability
in the world and as the 4th in disease burden amongst all
medical and psychiatric disorders.
- By 2020 mood disorders will be the 2nd greatest burden
of ill health, followed by ischemic heart disease.
Suicide:
- Definition: action of intentionally killing oneself.
- Occurs in the context of mental health problems.
- Range of behaviours: ideation (very common), attempt,
completion (relatively rare).
- Global mortality rate in the world is 16 per 100,000.
- Gradually increasing year by year.
- Increase of 60% over 45 years.
- More common by death by homicide.
- For every completion, there are around 25 attempts on
average.
- Likelihood of suicide increases with age
