9th grade history exam review

9th grade history exam review Historians have traditionally divided history into what three broad periods? - ancient, medieval, modern Which classical society is usually considered the principal source of Western Civilization? - Greece and Rome Greek humanism would help shape which two historical eras in Europe? - Renaissance and Enlightenment Which ancient empire stretched from the Middle East to India and is centered in present day Iran? - Persian Empire What event do most Western scholars use as the end of ancient and Classical European history? - Fall of the Roman Empire Given that the term renaissance means rebirth, what was being rejuvenated? - Learning about the glories of their ancestors in the Roman Empire What date best represents the collapse of the Roman Empire? - AD 476 What is the approximate time period of the medieval age? - 500 AD- 1500 AD Which historical era is often referred to as having experienced a "dark age"? - Medieval era The first artistic and literary manifestations of the Renaissance appeared in where and when? - Florence, Italy; 1350 The period of European history known as the Renaissance roughly covers what time frame? - Which three civilizations had the necessary wealth and knowledge for exploration? - Portugal, Spain, France Why didn't the two civilizations that had the necessary wealth and knowledge for exploration follow through? - Because they overspent all of their money and were in debt Which country financed the voyages of Christopher Columbus? - Spain Which country sponsored voyages of Dias and de Gama, and then established trading posts in India and Indonesia? - Portugal Which empire controlled trade in the Mediterranean Sea during the era of exploration and colonization? - Roman Empire Where did the Portuguese explore first during the Age of Exploration? - African Coast Which explorer reached the Americas in 1492? - Christopher Columbus What were the chief motives for European expansion into the New World? - Expand religion, wealth, goods, and more territory Who wrote the book that gave Europeans their first real knowledge of China, and about two centuries later it inspired another Italian, Christopher Columbus, to set sail for Asia? - ? What made Europeans realize just how backward Europe seemed in comparison to the more advanced Islamic and Chinese culture? - the crusades (Holy Wars) What empire is associated with conquering Constantinople and closing land route to Asia? - the Ottomans 23. What was the main religion of the Ottoman Empire? - Muslim 24. Christianity was spread to china and Japan due to successful missionary activity of which Catholic Reformation order of priests? - Jesuits 25. What happened to the Incas and Aztecs when the Spanish arrived during the Age of Exploration? - overworked, mistreated, killed, or died from disease 26. What was the most influential tool in the spread of the Protestantism in 16th century Europe? - Gutenburg's Press 27. According to Luther, what was the ultimate authority for the interpretation of Christian doctrine? - ? 28. What is the most recognized date of the start of the Reformation? - 1517- 95 Theses 29. What is considered to be the first Protestant faith? - Lutherunism 30. What was the purpose and effect of the publication of Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses? - His beliefs would spread to everyone easily "The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth: for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself they are called gods..." What kind of government does this quote best exemplify? - Absolute monarchy 32. What is the significance of King Henry VIII? - He broke away from the Catholic Church 33. Who was Anne Boleyn? - The 2nd wife of Henry VII; executed; mother of Elizabeth I 34. Who was Elizabeth Tudor? What is her historical legacy? - Elizabeth I/ Great; tolerated religious differences; brought England to power 35. What is the Elizabethan Period? - When William Shakesphere wrote his plays and the English language underwent a rapid develpment 36. Why did Philip II launch the Spanish armada against England? - To take England because of Catholic vs Protestant, pirates, and beheading of Mary Queen of Scotts 37. What happened as a result of the attempted Spanish invasion against England? - Spain was forever weakened 38. What was the year of the Spanish armada defeat? - 1588 39. What contributed to the wealth and power of Spain in the 16th century? - exploration and trade 40. What is significant about the Triangular Trade Route? - It sped whips from America back to Europe 41. Describe the Middle Passage - Led ships of slaves from West Africa to America 42. Which czar was responsible for "Westernizing Russia"? - Peter the Great 43. What is the historical significance of Peter the Great? - Westernized Russia 44. What is the historical significance of Ivan the Great? - Russia grew in size and he was the 1st Czar 45. Why did most Europeans support absolutism? - Because they believed it was God's will-divine right 46. List the legacies of King Louis XIV - Sun Kings, longest ruler, Palace of Versailles which led to bankruptcy, "letat cest moi", baroque 47. What is the significance of the Palace of Versailles? - It led to bankruptcy