Sociology Flashcards

Sociology Exam Review 2023 What is Sociology? - The systematic study of social interaction. It's a social science. What are the two siblings to Sociology? - Psychology and Anthropology What does anthropology focus on? - Traditional societies: old societies are viewed, but not big societies. What does psychology focus on? - The behavior or thought process behind the actions. What does sociology focus on? - Modern society. It focuses on society past the industrial revolution. Why did sociology become a science? - Because there were rapid changes during the Early Industrial Revolution that needed looking at. What are the five institutions in society? - Family, Religion, Government, Education, and Economy What type of economy do we live in? - Capitalistic What is capitalism? - An economic system in which the ownership of the means of production--like land, factories, large sums of money, and machines--is in private hands. What is capitalistic? - The ruling elite who own the means of producing wealth (the "haves") What is proletariat? - The masses of workers who depend on wages to survive, who have few resources, and who make up the working class petit bourgeoisie - The small business owners and owner workers who still have their own means of production but might end up in the proletariat because they are driven out by competition or their businesses fail What is the sociological imagination? - The intersection between individual lives and larger social influences. Who came up with the sociological imagination? - C. Wright Mills What is microsociology? - The study of small-scale patterns of individuals' social interaction in specific settings. What is macrosociology? - The study of large-scale patterns and processes that characterize society as a whole. What is a theory? - A set of statements that explains why a phenomenon occurs. What is empirical evidence? - Information that is based on observations, experiments, or experiences rather than on ideology, religion, or intuition. State the societies in order: - hunting and gathering -- horticultural -- agrarian -- early industrialization What did Emil Durkheim come up with? - Anomie (late 1800s to early 1900s) What is an anomie? - When social norms change. What did Emil Durkheim study? - Suicide (he died in 1917) Who was the father of sociology? - Auguste Comte Who created the Conflict Theory? - Karl Marx What is functionalism? - It's an approach that maintains that society is a complex system of interdependent parts that work together to ensure a society's survival. What is dysfunctional? - Social patterns that have a negative impact on a group or society. What are manifest functions? - Functions that are intended and recognized; they are present and clearly evident. What are latent functions? - Functions that are unintended and unrecognized; they are present but not immediately recognized. What is the conflict theory? - An approach that examines the ways in which groups disagree, struggle over power, and compete for scarce resources (such as property, wealth, and prestige). Who came up with the sociological perspective? - Peter BERGER (think PER and BER) What is the sociological perspective? - He said it helps us see general social patterns in others than just individuals. We look for reasons behind certain trends and the strange in the familiar. What is social integration? - Being connected to other people. What did Robert Putnam write and what was it about? - Bowling Alone (nAm Alone) and it was about social integration and how it's decreased significantly in recent years. Who came up with the three different types of functions in functionalism? - Robert Merton (function) (Merton) (function) What's affirmative action? Where is this typically discussed? - A society policy - preferential status given to minority. Typically discussed in Conflict Theory.