NBCE - General Anatomy

NBCE - General Anatomy 2023 (A+) What structure in the IVD is a remnant of the notochord? - Nucleus Pulposis T4 Dermatome is level with what? - nipple T10 dermatome is level with what? - umbilicus T1-T6 Dorsal Rami - medial branches = intrinsic back muscles, then cutaneous, lateral branches = purely motor (erectors) T7-T12 Dorsal Rami - medial branches = purely motor (erectors), lateral branches = intrinsic back muscles, then cutaneous What are the abdominal quadrants? - RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ What are the abdominal regions? - R/L hypochondriac, RL lumbar, RL iliac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric What are the layers of the skin? - Basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum (lucidum only found in thick skin) what nerve supplies the T12 dermatome? - subcostal n. what 2 nerves supply the L1 dermatome? - ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric Where do osteocytes live? - lacunae T/F. Haversian canals have a horizontal orientation. - false, vertical orientation Volkman's canals - perpendicular orientation, connect haversian canals canaliculi - gap junctions in bone, provide means for osteocytes to communicate and exchange nutrients endochondral ossification - most common, preformed cartilage mold gets turned into bone, primary ossification centers in diaphysis, secondary ossification centers in epiphysis intramembranous ossification - starts with a layer of mesenchymal cells, skull, mandible, clavicles osteoprogenitor cells are precursors to what? - osteoblasts What are the muscles of the rotator cuff? - SITS (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) Supraspinatus - O: supraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle N: suprascapular n. A: abduction Infraspinatus - O: infraspinous fossa I: greater tubercle N: suprascapular n. A: lateral rotation Teres Minor - O: upper lat. border scap I: greater tubercle N: axillary A: lateral rotation Subscapularis - O: subscapular fossa I: lesser tubercle N: subscapular ns. A: medial rotation What are the boundaries of the axilla? - pecs, teres minor, lats, subscapularis, ribs, humerus What are the roots of the brachial plexus? - C5-T1 What are the trunks of the brachial plexus? - superior (C5/C6), middle (C7), inferior (C8/T1) What are the divisions of the brachial plexus? - anterior (upper/middle trunk) and posterior (lower trunk) What are the cords of the brachial plexus? - lateral (anterior division), posterior (posterior division), medial (anterior division) What are the branches of the brachial plexus? - musculocutneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar Musculocutaneous exits between which two muscles and what does it become? - biceps and brachialis, becomes lateral antebrachial cutaneous What nerve separates brachialis and brachioradialis? - radial Coracobrachialis is pierced by what nerve? - musculocutaneous 1st section of axillary artery? - before pec minor, superior thoracic 2nd section of axillary artery? - under pec minor, thoracoacromial trunk, lateral thoracic 3rd section of axillary artery? - past pec minor, anterior & posterior humeral circumflex, subscapular 1st section of brachial artery? - 1st third, profunda brachii 2nd section of brachial artery? - 2nd third, superior ulnar collateral 3rd section of brachial artery? - 3rd third, inferior ulnar collateral T/F. The cephalic vein is lateral. - true T/F. The Basilic vein is lateral. - false, medial