NURS 488 - Lecture 1 Test With
Solution
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors - ANSWER - vasoconstriction
- increased peripheral resistance (blood flow)
- increased blood pressure
- mydriasis
- increased closure of bladder sphincters
- NE > E
chronotropic effect - ANSWER - change in heart rate
- positive: increases HR and rhythm
- negative: decreases
dromotropic effect - ANSWER - change the conduction velocity
- positive: increases AV nodal conduction
- negative: decreases AV nodal conduction
inotropic effect - ANSWER - change in the strength or contractility of the
heart
- positive: increase in contractility
- negative: decrease
sympathomimetic - ANSWER - agent that mimics the effects of the
,sympathetic nervous system such as adrenaline
- "fight or flight" response
- increases HR + BP and decreases digestion
catecholamines - ANSWER - dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
alpha 2 adrenergic receptors - ANSWER - inhibits norepinephrine release
- inhibits acetylcholine release
- inhibits insulin release
- E > NE
beta 1 adrenergic receptors - ANSWER - increased heart rate
- increased lipolysis
- increased myocardial contractility
- increased renin
- E = NE
beta 2 adrenergic receptors - ANSWER - vasodilation
- decreased peripheral resistance
- bronchodilation
- increased glycogenolysis (muscle, liver)
- increased glucagon release
- relaxes uterine smooth muscle
- E >> NE
,adrenergic receptors of different systems - ANSWER
drugs affecting cardiac factors (heart rate and contractibility) - ANSWER 1.
ß-blockers
2. calcium channel blockers
3. centrally acting adrenergics
drugs affecting circulating volume (salt and aldosterone) - ANSWER 1. ACE
inhibitors
2. diuretics
drugs affecting hormones (vasodilators and vasoconstrictors) - ANSWER 1.
vasodilators
2. prostaglandins
3. ACE inhibitors
4. calcium channel blockers
5. angiotensin II blockers
drugs affecting peripheral sympathetic receptors (constrictors and dilators) -
ANSWER 1. α 1-blockers
2. ß-blockers
drugs affecting CNS - ANSWER centrally acting adrenergics
drugs affecting local area - ANSWER peripherally acting adrenergics
anti-hypertensive therapy - ANSWER *diuretics and anti-hypertensive
therapy*
1. thiazide/thiazide-like diuretic
, 2. ACEI
3. ARB
4. long-acting CCB
5. beta-blocker
6. single pill combination
typical single pill combinations in the management of hypertension -
ANSWER 1. ACE-I with CCB
2. ARB with CCB
3. ACE-I/ARB with diuretic
diuretics - ANSWER - first line treatment with HTN
- used as mono therapy or in combination
- MOA: decrease volumes of plasma and ECF > reduces preload, decrease in
CO and SVR (afterload)
- reduces workload of the heart
- thiazide diuretics are most common (HCTZ)
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - ANSWER ACE inhibitors prevent ACE
from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
ACE inhibitors - ANSWER *end in -pril*
- first-line medication in treatment of HTN and HF
- first-line med for patients with concurrent diabetes as ACE inhibitors are
renal protection
Solution
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors - ANSWER - vasoconstriction
- increased peripheral resistance (blood flow)
- increased blood pressure
- mydriasis
- increased closure of bladder sphincters
- NE > E
chronotropic effect - ANSWER - change in heart rate
- positive: increases HR and rhythm
- negative: decreases
dromotropic effect - ANSWER - change the conduction velocity
- positive: increases AV nodal conduction
- negative: decreases AV nodal conduction
inotropic effect - ANSWER - change in the strength or contractility of the
heart
- positive: increase in contractility
- negative: decrease
sympathomimetic - ANSWER - agent that mimics the effects of the
,sympathetic nervous system such as adrenaline
- "fight or flight" response
- increases HR + BP and decreases digestion
catecholamines - ANSWER - dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine
alpha 2 adrenergic receptors - ANSWER - inhibits norepinephrine release
- inhibits acetylcholine release
- inhibits insulin release
- E > NE
beta 1 adrenergic receptors - ANSWER - increased heart rate
- increased lipolysis
- increased myocardial contractility
- increased renin
- E = NE
beta 2 adrenergic receptors - ANSWER - vasodilation
- decreased peripheral resistance
- bronchodilation
- increased glycogenolysis (muscle, liver)
- increased glucagon release
- relaxes uterine smooth muscle
- E >> NE
,adrenergic receptors of different systems - ANSWER
drugs affecting cardiac factors (heart rate and contractibility) - ANSWER 1.
ß-blockers
2. calcium channel blockers
3. centrally acting adrenergics
drugs affecting circulating volume (salt and aldosterone) - ANSWER 1. ACE
inhibitors
2. diuretics
drugs affecting hormones (vasodilators and vasoconstrictors) - ANSWER 1.
vasodilators
2. prostaglandins
3. ACE inhibitors
4. calcium channel blockers
5. angiotensin II blockers
drugs affecting peripheral sympathetic receptors (constrictors and dilators) -
ANSWER 1. α 1-blockers
2. ß-blockers
drugs affecting CNS - ANSWER centrally acting adrenergics
drugs affecting local area - ANSWER peripherally acting adrenergics
anti-hypertensive therapy - ANSWER *diuretics and anti-hypertensive
therapy*
1. thiazide/thiazide-like diuretic
, 2. ACEI
3. ARB
4. long-acting CCB
5. beta-blocker
6. single pill combination
typical single pill combinations in the management of hypertension -
ANSWER 1. ACE-I with CCB
2. ARB with CCB
3. ACE-I/ARB with diuretic
diuretics - ANSWER - first line treatment with HTN
- used as mono therapy or in combination
- MOA: decrease volumes of plasma and ECF > reduces preload, decrease in
CO and SVR (afterload)
- reduces workload of the heart
- thiazide diuretics are most common (HCTZ)
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - ANSWER ACE inhibitors prevent ACE
from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
ACE inhibitors - ANSWER *end in -pril*
- first-line medication in treatment of HTN and HF
- first-line med for patients with concurrent diabetes as ACE inhibitors are
renal protection
