Respiratory System Summary [Essential of Human Anatomy and Physiology]

2. OROPHARYNX – extends from the uvula to the
Respiratory System epiglottis
Functions (GRVOI) a. PALATINE TONSILS – located in the lateral
1. Gas Exchange walls near the border of the oral cavity and the
2. Regulation of blood pH oropharynx
3. Voice production b. LINGUAL TONSIL – located on the surface of
4. Olfaction the posterior part of the tongue
5. Innate immunity 3. LARYNGOPHARYNX – passes posterior to the
larynx and extends from the tip of the epiglottis to
Anatomy the esophagus; lined with stratified squamous epith.
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT and ciliated columnar epith.
- External nose, nasal cavity, pharynx
LARYNX
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT - Voice box
- Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs - Passageway for air between the pharynx and trachea
- Has 3 unpaired cartilages and 6 paired cartilages
NOSE
- Consists of the external nose and nasal cavity UNPAIRED (3):
1. THYROID CARTILAGE – Adam’s apple; largest
EXTERNAL NOSE – visible structure that forms a cartilage
prominent feature of the face 2. CRICOID CARTILAGE – most inferior, forms the
base of the larynx
NARES (nostrils) – external openings of the nose 3. EPIGLOTTIS – 3rd unpaired cartilage; consist of
elastic cartilage
CHOANAE – openings into the pharynx
PAIRED (6): they form an attachment site for the vocal folds
NASAL CAVITY –extends from the nares to the 1. CUNEIFORM CARTILAGE – Top
choanae 2. CORNICULATE CARTILAGE – Middle
3. ARYTENOID CARTILAGE – Bottom
NASAL SEPTUM – a partition dividing the nasal cavity 4. VESTIBULAR FOLDS – false vocal cords; superior
into right and left parts 5. VOCAL CORDS – true vocal cords; inferior
• DEVIATED NASAL SEPTUM – occurs when 6. LARYNGITIS – inflammation of the mucous epith.
the septum bulges to one side of the vocal folds

HARD PALATE – floor of the nasal cavity; separates the TRACHEA
nasal and oral cavity - Windpipe
- Membranous tube attached to the larynx
CONCHAE – three prominent bony ridges on the lateral - Consists of CT and smooth muscle; Reinforced with 16-
walls on each side of the nasal cavity; increase the 20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage
surface area of the nasal cavity and cause air to churn
C-SHAPED CARTILAGES – form the anterior and
PARANASAL SINUSES – air-filled spaces within bone lateral sides of the trachea; protect the trachea and
maintain an open passageway for air
NASOLACRIMAL DUCTS – carry tears from the eyes
COUGH REFLEX – dislodges foreign substances from
SNEEZE REFLEX – dislodges foreign substances from the trachea
the nasal cavity • SMOKER’S COUGH – results from constant
irritation and inflammation of the respiratory
PHARYNX passages by cigarette smoke
- Common passageway for both the respiratory and
digestive systems. BRONCHI
- The trachea divides into the left and right main
THREE REGIONS: bronchi or primary bronchi, each of which connects to a
1. NASOPHARYNX – superior part lung
a. SOFT PALATE – an incomplete muscles and
connective tissue partition separating the LEFT MAIN BRONCHUS – more horizontal because it
nasopharynx from the oropharynx is displaced by the heard
b. UVULA – posterior extension of the soft palate
c. PHARYNGEAL TONSIL – helps defend the RIGHT MAIN BRONCHUS – where foreign objects
body against infection that enter the trachea usually lodge; more vertical







ACPS.