Organic Chemistry Test 1

Organic Chemistry Test 1 the study of compounds that contain the element carbon. - organic chemistry natural organic compounds - cotton, wool, or silk synthetic organic compounds - nylon and polyester what do all organic compounds contain? - carbon and hydrogen atoms carbon always forms how many covalent bonds? - 4 what type of bonds can carbon form? - single, double, or triple a carbon atom surrounded by four atoms four single bonds - ethane a carbon atom surrounded by three atoms forms one double bond - ethylene a carbon atom surrounded by two atoms generally forms one triple bond - acetylene what are two types of compounds? - ring or chain any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen - heteroatom what are the most common heteroatom? - halogens what is the most common multiple bond between carbon and a heteroatom? - carbon-oxygen double bond an atom surrounded by two groups - linear what angle does linear have? - 180 an atom surrounded by three groups - trigonal planar what is the angle of trigonal planar - 120 an atom surrounded by four groups places these four groups at the corners of a tetrahedron - tetrahedral carbon what is the angle of tetrahedral carbon? - 109.5 used to show bonds in the plane - solid line used to show bonds in front of the plan - wedge used to show bonds behind the plan - dashed line all carbons having four single bonds are what? - tetrahedral what molecular shape has three bonds and one lone pair? - trigonal pyramid what molecular shape has two bonds and two lone pairs? - bent what are two shorthands for representation of organic compounds? - condensed and skeletal