FINAL CONTENT
Lecture 8A: Sex, Gender and Culture - CHP. 16
● Key Aspect of Personality including self-concept and identity
LO: Know the difference between sex and gender; define gender identity, sexual
aorientation; also cultural identity
Culture Identity: A Person’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or group
Sex: Biological catergories based on physical attributes (Male, Female, Intersex)
Gender: Attitudes, feelings and behaviours that a given culture associates with a person’s
biological sex; socially constructed.
● Woman/Man, Femine/Masculine
● Gender Identity: Person’s deeply-felt, inherited send of being a man, women or an
alternative gender may not correspond with sex
○ Trans, Queer, Cisgender, Two-Spirit
● Gender Expression: A person's presentation and expressed behaviour that communicate
aspect of their gender or role
○ Masculine/ eminine
Sexual Oriantation & Sexual Identty: Involve sexual and emotional attraction to others based on
their sex or gender
● Straight, Gay, Asexual
Identity Clarity
● Clear sense of oneself is important in psychological health.
● Indegious youth, LOW cultural identity clarity = low well-being, low self-esteem
○ Suicidal
○ Physical and relational aggression
○ Believed to result attacks on idegenious cultural
● Trans People , LOW GENDER identity clarity = suicidal ideation
○ Gay and Straight women = ambuguity = alcholol missuse and suicial ideation
, LO:Define and provide an example of intersectionality.
Itersectionality: study of intersecting overlapping social identities and labels; and related system
of discrimination and oppression
LO:Note trends in research on sex differences in personality.
The Study of Sex Differnces
Problems: Only studies of sex differences = people between female or male, reliance on sex
binaries, people are feeling forced into these boxes
LO:Explain the history of gender research, including the subjects of androgyny
and masculinity-femininity.
Measuring Differences
● Look through meta-analyses
● Effect size on d-statistics
○ .20= small
○ .50 medium
○ .80= large
○ Positive d = men are higher
● Average Difference = Group differences whether the differences is a lot of overlap
Gender Similarity Hypothesis
● Suggest that males and females are similar on most but not all psych variables
● 78& of sex differnces were small, close to 0
LO:Discuss/compare the different theories of sex differences.
Sex Differences in Emotionality
● Females across culture report experiencing more positive and negative emotions
● Females = depression after puberty more than males
Sex Difference in Nurturance
● Females in all cultures high on agreeableness and tender-mindedness
● HIGH love/warmth and empathy
● self -report and other reports
Sex Difference in Aggression
● 4-5 years boys show higher aggression
Lecture 8A: Sex, Gender and Culture - CHP. 16
● Key Aspect of Personality including self-concept and identity
LO: Know the difference between sex and gender; define gender identity, sexual
aorientation; also cultural identity
Culture Identity: A Person’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or group
Sex: Biological catergories based on physical attributes (Male, Female, Intersex)
Gender: Attitudes, feelings and behaviours that a given culture associates with a person’s
biological sex; socially constructed.
● Woman/Man, Femine/Masculine
● Gender Identity: Person’s deeply-felt, inherited send of being a man, women or an
alternative gender may not correspond with sex
○ Trans, Queer, Cisgender, Two-Spirit
● Gender Expression: A person's presentation and expressed behaviour that communicate
aspect of their gender or role
○ Masculine/ eminine
Sexual Oriantation & Sexual Identty: Involve sexual and emotional attraction to others based on
their sex or gender
● Straight, Gay, Asexual
Identity Clarity
● Clear sense of oneself is important in psychological health.
● Indegious youth, LOW cultural identity clarity = low well-being, low self-esteem
○ Suicidal
○ Physical and relational aggression
○ Believed to result attacks on idegenious cultural
● Trans People , LOW GENDER identity clarity = suicidal ideation
○ Gay and Straight women = ambuguity = alcholol missuse and suicial ideation
, LO:Define and provide an example of intersectionality.
Itersectionality: study of intersecting overlapping social identities and labels; and related system
of discrimination and oppression
LO:Note trends in research on sex differences in personality.
The Study of Sex Differnces
Problems: Only studies of sex differences = people between female or male, reliance on sex
binaries, people are feeling forced into these boxes
LO:Explain the history of gender research, including the subjects of androgyny
and masculinity-femininity.
Measuring Differences
● Look through meta-analyses
● Effect size on d-statistics
○ .20= small
○ .50 medium
○ .80= large
○ Positive d = men are higher
● Average Difference = Group differences whether the differences is a lot of overlap
Gender Similarity Hypothesis
● Suggest that males and females are similar on most but not all psych variables
● 78& of sex differnces were small, close to 0
LO:Discuss/compare the different theories of sex differences.
Sex Differences in Emotionality
● Females across culture report experiencing more positive and negative emotions
● Females = depression after puberty more than males
Sex Difference in Nurturance
● Females in all cultures high on agreeableness and tender-mindedness
● HIGH love/warmth and empathy
● self -report and other reports
Sex Difference in Aggression
● 4-5 years boys show higher aggression
